2020
DOI: 10.1177/1352458520949988
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COVID-19 associated with encephalomyeloradiculitis and positive anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies: Cause or coincidence?

Abstract: Neurologic complications are being recognized as important outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pathogenesis is varied and incompletely understood, and may include neuroinvasion, indirect post-infectious neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular pathologies. We present a case of COVID-19-related encephalomyeloradiculitis with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders that was associated with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies. Our case suggests post-in… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…Patient 33 ( 38 ), is a 26-year-old Hispanic man from the USA with positive MOG-IgG antibodies who developed papilledema, blindness and dysesthesias of the upper extremities due to bilateral optic neuritis and LEATM cord lesions from C 4 -Th 2 . Patient 25, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ( 31 ) is a 51-year-old Caucasian woman, with a 2-week history of COVID-19 who developed band-like dysesthesias at the Th 6-10 dermatomes, urinary retention, leg numbness and paraparesis. Brain MRI showed enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions in anterior fornix and subfornical organ.…”
Section: Neuromyelitis Optica (Nmo) and Nmo Spectrum Disorders (Nmosd)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patient 33 ( 38 ), is a 26-year-old Hispanic man from the USA with positive MOG-IgG antibodies who developed papilledema, blindness and dysesthesias of the upper extremities due to bilateral optic neuritis and LEATM cord lesions from C 4 -Th 2 . Patient 25, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ( 31 ) is a 51-year-old Caucasian woman, with a 2-week history of COVID-19 who developed band-like dysesthesias at the Th 6-10 dermatomes, urinary retention, leg numbness and paraparesis. Brain MRI showed enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions in anterior fornix and subfornical organ.…”
Section: Neuromyelitis Optica (Nmo) and Nmo Spectrum Disorders (Nmosd)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Actually, answer to this question might depend on multiple factors such as the extent to which there is an underlying ground for inflammation, the extent of potential neuroinvasion or migration of peripheral leukocytes to the brain, or the presence of autoimmune reactions due to mechanisms such as molecular mimicry following the viral infection. In this regard, COVID-19 has been known to cause autoimmune reactions by molecular mimicry mechanisms causing cranial neuropathies [85], multiple sclerosis [101], Guillain-Barré syndrome [10], or encephalomyeloradiculitis [72]. In keeping with this, higher levels of anti-corona virus antibodies have been detected in CSF sample of PD patients [102] and it has been determined that specific variants of the virus such as mutations in glycoprotein (S) by inducing immune reactions can precipitate glutamate excitotoxicity and thereby contribute to neurodegeneration [103].…”
Section: Cytokine Storm: Neuroimmune Mechanismsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On CSF analysis, four patients 32 34 , 39 had pleocytosis and five had elevated protein. 32 35 , 39 Oligoclonal bands were seen in one patient. 33 Two patients were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 32 – 36 , 39 Bowel bladder dysfunction was seen in 42.8% of the patients. 32 , 34 , 39 Visual impairment was seen in two patients. 33 , 36 One patient reported episodes of seizure.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%