COVID-19, Climate Change, and Conflict in Honduras: A food system disruption analysis

Lara-Arévalo, Jonathan; Escobar-Burgos, Lucía; Moore, E.R.H.; Neff, Roni A.; Spiker, Marie L.

doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100693

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recent research highlights the multiple, intersecting layers of influence that influence infant and young child food security in the context of COVID-19, climate change, and local and global political circumstances ( 13 ). Honduras has faced significant challenges prior to the pandemic, including high prevalence of poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition, with one fifth of children experiencing stunting in 2020 ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These patterns vary substantially across regions, and disproportionately affect Indigenous populations. Existing challenges were amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 13 ). High rates of unemployment (40%) and the majority of employment in the informal sector (80%) were coupled with reliance of remittances from migrant labor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another major source of pressure exacerbating stress and food insecurity on Honduran families is international and domestic conflict ( 13 ). Fertilizer prices rose during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine beginning 2022, further limiting the availability of food production, and highlighting the vulnerabilities of interconnected global supply chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change poses acute risks to first food security. Honduras is vulnerable to extreme weather events, which are accelerating in scale and frequency driven by the climate crisis ( 13 ). The country has been subject to floods, landslides, and drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was in this context that unsolicited CMF donations from wealthy settings started pouring into the country ( 13 ). Such donations violate the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes and have been consistently linked to undermining breastfeeding and increasing diarrheal illness and malnutrition ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global lessons for strengthening breastfeeding as a key pillar of food security

Tomori

2023

Front. Public Health

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Breastfeeding is identified as a central pillar of food security by the World Health Organization, however globally significant challenges remain in achieving breastfeeding targets for early initiation, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, and continued breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond. Inadequate support in health systems, poor maternity protections and workplace policies, and insufficient regulation of commercial milk formulas, among other barriers, continue to undermine this key pillar across nations. This paper highlights the central importance of breastfeeding for food security across diverse global settings by examining three case studies: Honduras, Pakistan and the USA. The cases highlight the complex layering and intersections of key challenges that threaten breastfeeding in the era of pandemics, the climate crisis, conflict and global inequality. Lessons drawn from these case studies, combined with additional insights, reinforce the importance of multisectorial collaboration to scale up investment in creating equitable, enabling environments for breastfeeding. These structural and systems approaches can successfully strengthen the breastfeeding ecosystem to ensure greater first food system resilience in the face of global crises, which compound maternal and infant vulnerabilities. Additionally, the cases add urgency for greater attention to prioritizing breastfeeding and incorporating IYCF-E protocols into disaster preparedness and management into the policy agenda, as well as ensuring that first food security is considered in energy policy. An integrated approach to policy change is necessary to recognize and strengthen breastfeeding as a pivotal part of ensuring food security across the globe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Global lessons for strengthening breastfeeding as a key pillar of food security

Tomori

2023

Front. Public Health

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Vulnerability of Nigerian maize traders to a confluence of climate, violence, disease and cost shocks

Vargas,

Liverpool-Tasie,

Reardon

2024

JADEE

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PurposeWe study five exogenous shocks: climate, violence, price hikes, spoilage and the COVID-19 lockdown. We analyze the association between these shocks and trader characteristics, reflecting trader vulnerability.Design/methodology/approachUsing primary survey data on 1,100 Nigerian maize traders for 2021 (controlling for shocks in 2017), we use probit models to estimate the probabilities of experiencing climate, violence, disease and cost shocks associated with trader characteristics (gender, size and region) and to estimate the probability of vulnerability (experiencing severe impacts).FindingsTraders are prone to experiencing more than one shock, which increases the intensity of the shocks. Price shocks are often accompanied by violence, climate and COVID-19 shocks. The poorer northern region is disproportionately affected by shocks. Northern traders experience more price shocks while Southern traders are more affected by violence shocks given their dependence on long supply chains from the north for their maize. Female traders are more likely to experience violent events than men who tend to be more exposed to climate shocks.Research limitations/implicationsThe data only permit analysis of the general degree of impact of a shock rather than quantifying lost income.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to analyze the incidence of multiple shocks on grain traders and the unequal distribution of negative impacts. It is the first such in Africa based on a large sample of grain traders from a primary survey.

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Suitability of Flours and Gels From Crops Affected by Climate Change in Honduras: Crystallinity, Thermal, Dynamic Rheological and Textural Behavior

Calix-Rivera,

Ronda

2023

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In Honduras, various tubers, roots, and cereals are cultivated as starchy crops. The current climatic crisis affects these crops' productivity, leading to an increase in agricultural residue, resulting in food insecurity. Agricultural residues from these crops have the potential to be processed, marketed, and contribute to the regular diets of consumers. In addition to serving as an essential source of carbohydrates, these crops provide several nutrients and health benefits. This study aimed to characterize the flours and gels of Colocasia esculenta (taro), Manihot esculenta (cassava), and Zea mays (maize) in terms of crystallinity and thermal parameters for flours and dynamic rheological, firmness, and color behavior of gels. The relative crystallinity of the selected crop samples is reported. There were considerable variations in the thermal parameters among the three cultivars. All flour suspensions at different concentrations led to gels with solid-like behavior (G′ > G″) at 25 °C, with the highest consistency for maize gels at the same concentration. The Avrami mathematical model was effectively applied to analyze the firmness kinetics of taro, cassava, and maize gels stored at 4 °C. All properties characterized suggest that flours from these crops affected by climate change would be suitable ingredients in different food formulations. Keywords: Food security; Climate change; Crystallinity; Thermal properties; Gel rheology.

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COVID-19, Climate Change, and Conflict in Honduras: A food system disruption analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Global lessons for strengthening breastfeeding as a key pillar of food security

Global lessons for strengthening breastfeeding as a key pillar of food security

Vulnerability of Nigerian maize traders to a confluence of climate, violence, disease and cost shocks

Suitability of Flours and Gels From Crops Affected by Climate Change in Honduras: Crystallinity, Thermal, Dynamic Rheological and Textural Behavior

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