COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients

Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny; Monsalve, Diana M.; Rojas, Manuel; Rodríguez, Yhojan; Gallo, Juan Esteban; Uribe, Juan Carlos Salazar; Santander, M.J.; Cala, Mónica P.; Zapata, Wildeman; Zapata, Mario; Manrique, Rubén; Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio; Camacho, Bernardo; Ramírez-Santana, Carolina; Anaya, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102598

Cited by 109 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The levels were also similar to those noted in autoimmune-prone donors who were >50 years of age (data not shown). Anti-CCP autoantibodies that were not increased in acute severe COVID-19 patients [ 26 ], however, were elevated specifically (p = 0.0357) in convalescents when compared to unexposed donors ( Fig. 1 A right).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

Lingel

Meltendorf

Billing

et al. 2021

Journal of Autoimmunity

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The variability in resolution of SARS-CoV-2-infections between individuals neither is comprehended, nor are the long-term immunological consequences. To assess the long-term impact of a SARS-CoV-2-infection on the immune system, we conducted a prospective study of 80 acute and former SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and 39 unexposed donors to evaluate autoantibody responses and immune composition. Autoantibody levels against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), a specific predictor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were significantly (p = 0.035) elevated in convalescents only, whereas both acute COVID-19 patients and long-term convalescents showed critically increased levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase (TG), a specific predictor of celiac disease (CD) (p = 0.002). Both, anti-CCP and anti-TG antibody levels were still detectable after 4–8 months post infection. Anti-TG antibodies occurred predominantly in aged patients in a context of a post-SARS-CoV-2-specific immune composition (R 2 = 0.31; p = 0.044). This study shows that increased anti-CCP and anti-TG autoantibody levels can remain long-term after recovering even from mildly experienced COVID-19. The inter-relationship of the lung as viral entry side and RA- and CD-associated autoimmunity indicates that a SARS-CoV-2-infection could be a relevant environmental factor in their pathogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

Lingel

Meltendorf

Billing

et al. 2021

Journal of Autoimmunity

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“…During acute infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), symptoms vary from mild forms to critical and more severe cases [1][2][3]. Symptoms in the mildest forms include dry cough, fatigue, anosmia, and fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms in the mildest forms include dry cough, fatigue, anosmia, and fever. On the other hand, in the most severe forms, the symptoms can progress to respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation [2,4,5]. Although most of the COVID-19 patients recover completely, without sequelae, many patients may continue experiencing COVID-19 symptoms after recovery and others may even develop new symptoms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID Syndrome. A Case Series and Comprehensive Review

Anaya

Rojas

Salinas

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The existence of a variety of symptoms with a duration beyond the acute phase of COVID-19, is referred to as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). We aimed to report a series of patients with PCS attending a Post-COVID Unit and offer a comprehensive review on the topic. Adult patients with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were systematically assessed through a semi-structured and validated survey. Total IgG, IgA and IgM serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis were conducted, following PRISMA guidelines. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze data. Out of a total of 100 consecutive patients, 53 were women, the median of age was 49 years (IQR: 37.8 to 55.3), the median of post-COVID time after the first symptoms was 219 days (IQR: 143 to 258), and 65 patients were hospitalized during acute COVID-19. Musculoskeletal, digestive (i.e., diarrhea) and neurological symptoms including depression (by Zung scale) were the most frequent observed in PCS patients. A previous hospitalization was not associated with PCS manifestation. Arthralgia and diarrhea persisted in more than 40% of PCS patients. The median of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 866.2 U/mL (IQR: 238.2 to 1681). Despite this variability, 98 patients were seropositive. Based on autonomic symptoms (by COMPASS 31) two clusters were obtained with different clinical characteristics. Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not different between clusters. A total of 40 articles (11,196 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis. Fatigue/muscle weakness, dyspnea, pain and discomfort, anxiety/depression and impaired concentration were presented in more than 20% of patients reported. In conclusion, PCS is mainly characterized by musculoskeletal, pulmonary, digestive and neurological involvement including depression. PCS is independent of severity of acute illness and humoral response. Long-term antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a high inter-individual variability were confirmed. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may cause PCS and the best therapeutic options.

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“…Thus, beyond a possible lymphotoxicity, previous studies also suggest a potential impact on endothelial cells 32 and on Schwann cells 40 , as well as on microglia and remyelinating oligodendrocyte precursor cells 23,25 , which would be relevant with known vascular and neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19 during the acute infection or in the so-called post-COVID period 3,[5][6][7]31 . This does not exclude promoting autoimmunity as already shown in a humanized mouse model 24 , when autoimmune features are often observed in COVID-19 or post-COVID patients [57][58][59][60] . Altogether, these data call for evaluating HERV-W ENV as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 associated syndromes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

SARS-CoV-2 induces transcription of human endogenous retrovirus RNA followed by type W envelope protein expression in human lymphoid cells.

Charvet¹,

Mazelier

Brunel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Patients with COVID-19 may develop abnormal inflammatory response and lymphopenia, followed in some cases by delayed-onset syndromes, often long-lasting after resolution of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. As viral infections may activate human endogenous retroviral elements (HERV), we studied the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on HERV-W and HERV-K envelope (ENV) expression, known to be involved in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of human diseases. We demonstrate here that an initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus activates early HERV-W and K transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from healthy donors. Within a week of primary PBMC culture, only HERV-W ENV protein expression was detected in lymphoid cells of some donors, although SARS-CoV-2 infection of PBMC was not observed. HERV activation was reproduced with UV-inactivated virus and with a recombinant spike protein. Interestingly, exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protein induced a significant production of interleukin 6 in PBMC, independently from detectable HERV expression. Altogether, these results show that SARS-CoV-2 viral protein could induce HERV-W ENV expression in lymphocytes from some individuals, underlying the importance to further address the implicated molecular pathways, to understand patients‘ genetic susceptibility associated to the activation of HERV-W and its possible relevance for targeting therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 associated syndromes.

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COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients

Cited by 109 publications

References 72 publications

Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

Post-COVID Syndrome. A Case Series and Comprehensive Review

SARS-CoV-2 induces transcription of human endogenous retrovirus RNA followed by type W envelope protein expression in human lymphoid cells.

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