COVID-19 Death and BCG Vaccination

Wiwanitkit, Viroj

doi:10.4046/trd.2020.0115

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Wiwanitkit did not perform any analysis with regard to mortality and infectivity rate in comparison with control group. [31] Therefore such inferences are wrong and misleading. Joy et al [32] concluded that there is protective efficacy of BCG vaccination in COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination impact on mortality and recovery rates in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Singh

Khera

Chugh

et al. 2021

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus which is a very worrisome public health emergency. In this study, we compared the mortality rate and recovery rate in countries with and without BCG vaccination policy. The data of mortality of COVID-19 was extracted from worldometer (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) on 26th July 2020. The data of countries where BCG vaccination is being done for all individuals is taken from BCG world atlas (http://www.bcgatlas.org/index.php), updated in 2017. BCG vaccination policy recommended countries are intervention group versus countries without BCG vaccination policies which are regarded as control group. Pooled analysis of countries with and without BCG vaccination policy revealed mortality rate of 1.31% (95%CI – 1.31% to 1.32%; I2 = 100%, p<0.01) and 3.25% (95%CI – 3.23% to 3.26%; I2 = 100%, p<0.01), respectively. The recovery rate in two country groups were found to be 72.60% (95%CI – 72.57% to 72.63%) and 55.94% (95%CI – 55.90% to 55.98%), respectively. 52 individuals need to be BCG vaccinated to prevent one death (NNT = 52). In BCG vaccination program countries, there is statistically and clinically significant less mortality (p-value <0.001) as compared to countries without BCG policy. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that BCG vaccination may provide protection from COVID-19. High quality evidence from randomised controlled trials are required to establish causality between BCG vaccination and protection from severe COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination impact on mortality and recovery rates in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Singh

Khera

Chugh

et al. 2021

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…Similarly, the study done in the USA with HCW revealed that BCG vaccination history confers protective effect against severe outcomes of Covid-19 [111]. BCG vaccination doesn't provide lifelong protection against SARS-CoV2 infection [112], so booster BCG vaccination is needed to provide further protection against Covid-19 [113] over its residual protection [114]. However it should be noted that BCG vaccination is still needed in the tuberculosis-risky countries, so shortages can cause issues, and also large randomized studies are needed to see the exact potential of BCG vaccination against this infection [115].…”

Section: Conventional Childhood Vaccines Against Sars-cov2 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-reactive dendritic cells (i.e. inf-cDC2s) that priming type I INF dependent [114] CD4 + and CD8 + T cells activation [108]; Downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production [127]; various antiviral cytokine production, enhanced IFN-γ production and associated TH1 cells differentiation [104].…”

Section: Bcg Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic

YAZGAN

2021

Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has been challenging the entire world since early 2020. Due to the fact that there is no universally available treatment method along with the disease's fast transmission from human to human, specific vaccine development efforts have got a great attention. Particularly mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) specific vaccines are administrated to individuals worldwide to combat against Covid-19 infection. Even though two dose mRNA vaccination provides immunity against ancestral and aggressive variants of SARS-CoV2 infections, rare detrimental short-time side effects and no-data availability on long-term possible side-effects along with unpredictable vaccination regime bring hesitancy against the vaccines. Besides, the vaccination regime is still under debate among the scientist as that whether pre-infected individuals require further vaccination and what should be the ideal vaccination dose. In addition to mRNA SARS-CoV2 specific vaccines, recent retrospective, theoretical, clinical, and biochemical studies revealed that trained innate immunity and heterologous T-cells and memory B-cells can be strong alternative to combat against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In this context, conventional childhood vaccines (e.g., BCG and MMR) are proposed as valuable alternative vaccines against the pandemic with known clinical outcomes and effectivity. Covid-19'a karşı mRNA SARS-CoV2 spesifik ve Çocukluk Dönemi AşılarıAnahtar Kelimeler SARS-CoV2, mRNA aşıları, Klasik aşılar, Bağışıklık Öz: 2019 yılı koronavirus hastalığı (Covid-19) pandemisi 2020 yılından beri dünya çapında bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Evrensel olarak kabul edilmiş bir tedavisinin olmayışı ve insandan-insana geçişinin hızlı olması nedeniyle spesifik aşı geliştirme çalışmaları önem kazanmıştır. mRNA-temelli ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromu korovirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) aşıları dünya çapında Covid-19'un kontrol altına alınmasına yönelik olarak en yaygın olarak kullanılan aşılardır. Herne kadar iki doz mRNA aşılarının hem atasal hemde mutasyona uğramış agresif SARS-CoV2 viral enfeksiyonlarına karşı yüksek bağışıklık sağlıyor olmalarına karşın, nadir olarak görülen kısa dönem yan etkileri ve uzun dönemli olası yan etkileri hakkında bilgilerin mevcut olmaması nedeniyle aşılara karşı bir tereddüt mevcuttur. Buna ek olarak, aşılama rejimin nasıl olması gerektiği bilimadaları arasında hala tartışma konusudur, örneğin enfeksiyon geçirmiş olan bireyler tekrar aşı olmalı mı ve kaç doz aşı olunması gerekir. mRNA temelli SARS-CoV2 aşılarına alternatif olarak, yeni yapılan retrospektif, teorik, klinik ve biyokimyasal çalışmalar, eğitilmiş doğal bağışıklığın ve heterelog T-hücrelerinin ve hafıza B hücrelerinin SARS-CoV2 pandemisine karşı savaşta önemli bir alternatif olabileceği önerilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, klasik çocukluk dönemi aşılarının (örneğin BCG ve MMR) pandemiye karşı bilinen klinik souçları ve etkinliği nedeniyle önemli alternatif aşılar oldukları görülmektedir.

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