COVID‐19 deaths by occupation, Massachusetts, March 1–July 31, 2020

Hawkins, Devan; Davis, Leonard G.; Kriebel, David

doi:10.1002/ajim.23227

Cited by 77 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In August, the Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker published a collection of charts showing how healthcare utilization has declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States 1 , showing that facility discharge volume dropped by over 25% and cancer screening volumes dropped by over 85% from levels in 2019. This decrease is consistent with evidence from other sources 2,3 , and could be driven by a perceived risk of interacting with workers at health facilities. It is yet to be seen how much this delayed and foregone care will reduce population health.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

Flaxman

Henning²,

Duber

2021

Gates Open Res

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Background: Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and it is essential to monitor the relative incidence rate of this group, as compared to workers in other occupations. This study aimed to produce estimates of the relative incidence ratio between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Methods: Analysis of cross-sectional data from a daily, web-based survey of 1,822,662 Facebook users from September 8, 2020 to October 20, 2020. Participants were Facebook users in the United States aged 18 and above who were tested for COVID-19 because of an employer or school requirement in the past 14 days. The exposure variable was a self-reported history of working in healthcare in the past four weeks and the main outcome was a self-reported positive test for COVID-19. Results: On October 20, 2020, in the United States, there was a relative COVID-19 incidence ratio of 0.73 (95% UI 0.68 to 0.80) between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Conclusions: In fall of 2020, in the United States, healthcare workers likely had a lower COVID-19 incidence rate than workers in non-healthcare occupations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

Flaxman

Henning²,

Duber

2021

Gates Open Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Racial/ethnic minorities are overrepresented within essential industries, which often have higher risk working conditions as described above. In addition, Hispanic persons might experience more language barriers and are less likely to have access to paid leave and flexible work schedules ( 9 , 10 ). Community case rates of COVID-19 in Los Angeles County by race/ethnicity reflect an overall disproportionate burden on Hispanic persons, and the daily IR for Hispanic persons is more than twice that for white residents ( 11 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry Sectors Highly Affected by Worksite Outbreaks of Coronavirus Disease, Los Angeles County, California, USA, March 19–September 30, 2020

Contreras¹,

Ngo²,

Pulido³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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W orksites that have had on-site operations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have been vulnerable to COVID-19 outbreaks. The effect of COVID-19 on essential workers in food manufacturing has been well-described, but limited data exist on the burden of COVID-19 in other industry sectors (1). The high-density, fast-paced environments of food production facilities pose a barrier to proper adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures, such as social distancing, use of face coverings, and cleaning of shared spaces (2). These challenges are not unique to food production facilities. Furthermore, factors distinctive to other sectors, such as increased contact with the public, could similarly increase the risk of COVID-19 worksite exposure. A closer examination of the COVID-19 burden in multiple industry sectors, particularly within their specifi c subsectors, is warranted to provide a more complete characterization of the risk and impact of COVID-19 exposure in worksites.In Los Angeles County, California, USA, the fi rst COVID-19 worksite outbreak was identifi ed by the

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“…In the United States, Black, Latino, and Native American adults have experienced substantially higher rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality during 2020 than Whites and Asians [ 1 – 7 ]. Researchers and journalists argue that the differences are due, at least in part, to two work-related factors: (1) Black, Latino, and Native American workers are more likely to hold jobs that have to be done at their workplace rather than remotely, and (2) Latino and Black workers face greater risks of exposure to COVID-19 in their jobs than others [ 3 , 8 – 18 ]. This argument is consistent with the long history and contemporary effects of structural racism on occupational segregation in the US [ 19 – 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US

et al. 2021

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Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations overall and in lower standing occupations associated with high risk, and thus may be less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low standing occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.

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COVID‐19 deaths by occupation, Massachusetts, March 1–July 31, 2020

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

Industry Sectors Highly Affected by Worksite Outbreaks of Coronavirus Disease, Los Angeles County, California, USA, March 19–September 30, 2020

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US

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