COVID-19, Ebola virus disease, and Nipah virus infection reclassification as novel acute immune dysrhythmia syndrome (n-AIDS): potential crucial role for immunomodulators

Abstract

In this manuscript, COVID-19, Ebola virus disease, Nipah virus infection, SARS, and MERS are suggested to be considered for a novel immunological reclassification as acute onset immune dysrhythmia syndrome (n-AIDS) due to altered monocytic, Th1/Th2, as well as cytokines and chemokines balances. n-AIDs is postulated to be the cause of the acute respiratory distress and multi-inflammatory syndromes which are described with fatal COVID-19, and immunomodulators are suggested to effectively manage the mentioned diseases as well as for other disorders caused by Th1/Th2 imbalance. Meanwhile, para COVID syndrome is suggested to describe various immune-related complications, whether before or after recovery, and to embrace a potential of a latent infection, that might be discovered later, as occurred with Ebola virus disease. Finally, our hypothesis has evolved out of our real-life practice that uses immunomodulatory drugs to manage COVID-19 safely and effectively.

COVID-19 mortality paradox (United States vs Africa): Mass vaccination vs early treatment

“…Notably, it took me almost a year and a half to have some of my COVID-19 preprints peer reviewed and published. In these numerous papers I’ve explained why the highly economic and extremely safe immune-modulatory Kelleni’s protocol is highly effective and I’ve also demonstrated the molecular, genetic, immune mechanisms[ 16 , 22 , 26 ] together with real-life case reports of tens of patients including severe COVID-19 cases and how I used a personalized approach in their management[ 21 , 25 ]. Hence, this is how the name Kelleni’s protocol has been coined[ 18 , 20 , 27 ].…”

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Rural China

“…At present, there are few analyses on the livelihood resilience of farmers after high-risk infectious diseases. For example, studies on AIDS and Ebola mainly focus on medicine and education (Bickler et al 2015 ; Wu et al 2019 ; Burgos-Soto et al 2020 ; Kelleni et al 2021 ), while studies on SARS only have sporadic discussions on income decline (Adger et al 2009 ). The quantitative exploration of high-risk infectious diseases is still very weak and not systematic.…”

“…Outbreaks of severe infectious diseases have accompanied the history of human development and have had a great impact, especially the sudden outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19, which has had a huge impact on the economic development, livelihood, and well-being of countries worldwide (Hinojosa & Acosta 2021 ; Kelleni 2021 ; Van 2021 ). From the experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H7N9 influenza and other outbreaks in the past, most of which occurred in Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities, cases are clustered, so prevention and control measures and health services are mainly focused on urban community residents (Zhang 2007 ; Zhang et al 2019 ; Boterman 2020 ).…”

Peg-interferon Lambda Single Dose Treatment for COVID-19: A Call to Avoid another Hydroxychloroquine Fiasco.

“…The aforementioned clinical Brazilian trial claimed a significantly lower incidence of COVID-19 hospitalizations or emergency department visits among those who received a single dose of pegylated interferon lambda compared to placebo [2]. However, according to my experience regarding the use of interferons in COVID-19 [4][5][6][7], I claim that this trial is highly unlikely to achieve the published outcomes, to be noted that my current counterargument, containing three major points, was declined on 15 February 2023, without any editorial comment, to be published at NEJM (ID 23-01880).…”