Covid‐19 Histamine theory: Why antihistamines should be incorporated as the basic component in Covid‐19 management?

Mashauri, Harold L.

doi:10.1002/hsr2.1109

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While the exact mechanism of antihistamines causing the antiviral effect remains unclear, studies hypothesise that antihistamines inhibit the proinflammatory cytokine storm and virus binding in COVID-19. 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 The use of these drugs suggests that the corresponding comorbidities and symptoms might increase the risk of long COVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive models of long COVID

Antony,

Blau,

Casiraghi

et al. 2023

eBioMedicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive models of long COVID

Antony,

Blau,

Casiraghi

et al. 2023

eBioMedicine

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“…This makes it an attractive candidate for addressing the specific neurological aspects of Long COVID. Furthermore, melatonin has been acknowledged for restoring disrupted circadian rhythms, a common occurrence in patients with depression [ 100 ]. By regulating circadian rhythm, melatonin may hold promise as an adjunct therapy for managing depression symptoms in long COVID patients.…”

Section: Management and Treatment Approaches For Long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antihistamines have been suggested to counteract abnormal mast cell activation and subsequent inflammatory responses and suppress viral growth [ 100 ]. Observational studies have indicated that antihistamines can alleviate symptoms related to long COVID [ 102 ].…”

Section: Management and Treatment Approaches For Long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Acute Infection to Prolonged Health Consequences: Understanding Health Disparities and Economic Implications in Long COVID Worldwide

Sweis,

Alnaimat,

Esparza

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a growing number of patients experiencing persistent symptoms and physiological changes after recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as Long COVID. Long COVID is characterized by recurring symptoms and inflammation across multiple organ systems. Diagnosis can be challenging, influenced by factors like demographics, comorbidities, and immune responses. Long COVID impacts various organ systems and can have neuropsychological effects. Health disparities, particularly related to race, contribute to a higher burden of infection and ongoing symptoms in minority populations. Managing Long COVID entails addressing a spectrum of symptoms that encompass physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The recovery period for patients with Long COVID can vary significantly, influenced by factors like the severity of the disease, hospitalization, comorbidities, and age. Currently, there are no universally effective treatments, although certain interventions show promise, necessitating further research. Self-management and rehabilitation programs can provide relief, but more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Preventive measures such as vaccination and the use of antiviral medications and metformin. It is imperative to conduct further research to develop evidence-based guidelines and gain a better understanding of the long-term implications of COVID-19. Long COVID could have substantial economic impact on the labor market, productivity, healthcare expenditures, and overall economic growth. To address the challenges patients with long-term complications face, there is a focus on strategies like promoting telework and flexible work arrangements to accommodate diverse symptoms, particularly chronic fatigue and other Long COVID effects. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the multifaceted complexity of Long COVID and the ongoing need to address its potential long-term health and economic impacts.

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“…(3B) Histamine: the high prevalence of allergies and mast cell overactivation, which might even be augmented by SARS-CoV-2-infection, particularly in the gut, and the fact that histamine has a strong vasodilator effect on veins in humans [3,15,[29][30][31] warrant further discussion. The most convincing evidence for the involvement of histamine is the alleviating effect of long-term symptoms of Post-COVID-19 infection by antihistamine treatment [32][33][34][35][36]. From a theoretical point of view, the dilating effect of histamine on human veins may be particularly detrimental if the capacitance vessels or veins are already weakened or structurally distended as in EDS or Marfan Syndrome, or damaged by the mechanisms after COVID-19 infection [15].…”

Section: Precapillary Cardiovascular Disturbances and Capillary Distu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvascular Capillary and Precapillary Cardiovascular Disturbances Strongly Interact to Severely Affect Tissue Perfusion and Mitochondrial Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Evolving from the Post COVID-19 Syndrome

Wirth,

Löhn

2024

Medicina

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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a frequent, debilitating and still enigmatic disease. There is a broad overlap in the symptomatology of ME/CFS and the Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS). A fraction of the PCS patients develop the full clinical picture of ME/CFS. New observations in microvessels and blood from patients suffering from PCS have appeared and include microclots and malformed pathological blood cells. Capillary blood flow is impaired not only by pathological blood components but also by prothrombotic changes in the vascular wall, endothelial dysfunction, and the expression of adhesion molecules in the capillaries. These disturbances can finally cause a low capillary flow and even capillary stasis. A low cardiac stroke volume due to hypovolemia and the inability of the capacitance vessels to adequately constrict to deliver the necessary cardiac preload generate an unfavorable low precapillary perfusion pressure. Furthermore, a predominance of vasoconstrictor over vasodilator influences exists, in which sympathetic hyperactivity and endothelial dysfunction play a strong role, causing the constriction of resistance vessels and of precapillary sphincters, which leads to a fall in capillary pressure behind the sphincters. The interaction of these two precapillary cardiovascular mechanisms causing a low capillary perfusion pressure is hemodynamically highly unfavorable in the presence of a primary capillary stasis, which is already caused by the pathological blood components and their interaction with the capillary wall, to severely impair organ perfusion. The detrimental coincidence of microcirculatory and precapillary cardiovascular disturbances may constitute the key disturbance of the Post-COVID-19 syndrome and finally lead to ME/CFS in predisposed patients because the interaction causes a particular kind of perfusion disturbance—capillary ischemia/reperfusion—which has a high potential of causing mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing sodium- and calcium-overload in skeletal muscles. The latter, in turn, worsens the vascular situation through the generation of reactive oxygen species to close a vicious cycle from which the patient can hardly escape.

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Covid‐19 Histamine theory: Why antihistamines should be incorporated as the basic component in Covid‐19 management?

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Predictive models of long COVID

Predictive models of long COVID

From Acute Infection to Prolonged Health Consequences: Understanding Health Disparities and Economic Implications in Long COVID Worldwide

Microvascular Capillary and Precapillary Cardiovascular Disturbances Strongly Interact to Severely Affect Tissue Perfusion and Mitochondrial Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Evolving from the Post COVID-19 Syndrome

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