COVID-19 in 2021—Continuing Uncertainty

Rio, Carlos M. D. del; Malani, Preeti

doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3760

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Within months after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected, two mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 ( Pfizer-BioNTech ) [ 1 ] and mRNA-1273 ( Moderna ) [ 2 ] have demonstrated to reduce COVID-19 incidence and severity effectively [ 3 ]. Despite the magnitude of the pandemic or the availability of effective vaccines, hesitancy toward vaccines is not uncommon, particularly, but not exclusively among minorities [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. Hypothetically, vaccines may lead to the loss of self-tolerance and autoimmune disease and cause neural tissue damage, although, with current vaccines, the association is neither supported by empirical nor epidemiological [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

García‐Grimshaw

Michel-Chávez

Vera-Zertuche

et al. 2021

Clinical Immunology

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Vaccines are the most effective strategy to mitigate the global impact of COVID-19. However, vaccine hesitancy is common, particularly among minorities. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common autoimmune illness of the peripheral nervous system, occurring at an incidence of 1.1/100,000 worldwide. A causal link between mRNA vaccines and GBS has not been previously evaluated. We analyzed a cohort of 3,890,250 Hispanic/Latinx recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (613,780 of whom had already received both doses) for incident GBS occurring within 30 days from vaccine administration. Seven cases of GBS were detected among first-dose recipients, for an observed incidence of 0.18/100,000 administered doses during the prespecified timeframe of 30 days. No cases were reported after second-dose administration. Our data suggest that, among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, GBS may occur at the expected community-based rate; however, this should be taken with caution as the current incidence of GBS among the unvaccinated population against COVID-19 is still undetermined. We hope that this preliminary data will increase the public perception of safety toward mRNA-based vaccines and reduce vaccine hesitancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

García‐Grimshaw

Michel-Chávez

Vera-Zertuche

et al. 2021

Clinical Immunology

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“…Even with vaccination underway in many countries, there is still uncertainty regarding the control of the disease, given the emergence of COVID-19 variants that could elude immune responses [10], and the challenges of developing these new vaccines, and of producing and distributing billions of vaccine doses [11,12]. Therefore, it remains relevant to keep improving our understanding of the distribution of COVID-19, especially of asymptomatic individuals, among different populations to inform public health strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A seroprevalence survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals 18 years of age or older living in a vulnerable region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2021

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A second wave of COVID-19 has demonstrated how challenging it will be to achieve sustained control of the disease, even with vaccination underway in many countries. Therefore, it remains relevant to keep improving our understanding of the distribution of COVID-19, especially of asymptomatic individuals, among different populations, and particularly in vulnerable regions. Hence, this population-based serosurvey had the objective of estimating the prevalence of individuals 18 years of age or older infected by SARS-CoV-2, and the proportion of asymptomatic individuals, among a vulnerable population living in an urban setting. This was a cross-sectional single-stage cluster sampling serosurvey conducted between September and December of 2019, in a vulnerable region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Families covered by three public primary healthcare units represented the selected clusters. After study inclusion, participants were asked about signs and symptoms related to COVID-19, and had collected 10 mL of blood for serology testing. A total of 272 individuals from 185 families were included in the study, out of the 400 eligible individuals for inclusion, resulting in a non-response rate of 32%. The post stratified prevalence of individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 was 45.2% (95% CI: 39.4–51.0%), with a proportion of asymptomatic cases of 30.2% (95% CI: 23.3–38.0%). This population-based serosurvey identified a greater prevalence of infected individuals by SARS-CoV-2 compared to data from the beginning of the pandemic, and from a recent citywide serosurvey, with a similar proportion of asymptomatic individuals. It demonstrated the value of primary healthcare services for disease surveillance activities, and the importance of more focused serosurveys, especially in vulnerable locations, and the need to evaluate new surveillance strategies to take into account asymptomatic cases.

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“…However, the current coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) looks more lethal, a trend shown in Africa, Europe and Latin America with cases in the South Africa, UK and Brazil [15,[75][76][77][78].…”

Section: The Indigenous Peoples Of the World In The Face Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Response From Their Institutional Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intervention process in some African countries with indigenous peoples has been fragmented, causing countries such as South Africa, with confirmed cases of COVID-19 to increase [109]; in the rest of the countries of the continent deficiencies in the health system have been a determining factor in the increase of COVID-19 [110]. The emergence of a new variant has increased the number of deaths in southern Africa [77], testing the institutional resilience of indigenous peoples in this region.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mapping of Indigenous Resilience Facing the Challenge of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lugo-Morin

2021

Challenges

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Indigenous social development scenarios must be understood as the possibility of improving the sustainability of the planet and human health in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Integrating the institutional resilience approach by learning from the experience of indigenous peoples’ informal institutions through the design of public policies can be a reality. To demonstrate the potential of this premise, a case study was conducted that examined the institutional resilience of one indigenous people, whose findings under nomothetic conditions may be useful for other territories around the world. These peoples provide lessons on how they cope with adversity, the COVID-19 pandemic being one of them. Institutional resilience is a step towards reaching out to the world’s ancestral populations to learn from their knowledge. These scenarios can help us understand the implications of international policies on the capacities of nations to secure access to food and resources and, subsequently, to be better prepared for future pandemics.

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COVID-19 in 2021—Continuing Uncertainty

Abstract: This Viewpoint summarizes the current best evidence about COVID-19 vaccines, immunity, and whether SARS-CoV-2 will become an endemic or seasonal virus.

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Guillain-Barré syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

Guillain-Barré syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

A seroprevalence survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals 18 years of age or older living in a vulnerable region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Global Mapping of Indigenous Resilience Facing the Challenge of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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