COVID‐19 in a patient with pre‐existing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Wu, Yuzhang; Lin, Heng An; Xie, Qiang; Chen, Qun; Huang, Yanfang; Zhu, Yueyong; Chen, Lizhou

doi:10.1111/bjh.16799

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the first stages of the disease, the instrumental diagnosis in patients with COVID‐19 includes chest X‐ray examination at the patient's bed, mainly to avoid bacterial superinfection, and the lung ultrasound examination. In some cases, due to organizational difficulties or sterilization protocols, 34,35 chest radiographs may not be performed at the patient's bed. The use of High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is always indicated in clinical conditions of medium or severe gravity, in cases of clinical worsening and when the nasopharyngeal swab for the search of the viral RNA shows negative result in contrast with the clinical findings suggesting COVID‐19.…”

Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with special reference to the hematological setting

Sica

Casale

Rossi

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a disease known from a few months, caused by a recently arisen virus and, consequently, it is little known. The disease has a benign course in most infected subjects (children and young adults), is often symptomatic in adults over the age of 50 and often serious and life threatening in people with comorbidities and the elderly. The few data published on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the blood-oncology field report a serious clinical presentation, a serious course of the disease, and a high mortality rate, as has also been reported for other cancer contexts. The current strategy for treating patients with SARS-CoV-2 includes antivirals that are effective against other viral infections and drugs that can moderate the cytokine storm. There is no specific vaccine and consequently all possible precautions must be taken to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the areas of oncology, oncohematology, and bone marrow transplantation. In this reviewer's article, we report the information currently available on SARS-CoV-2 infection to help young doctors and hematologists to successfully manage patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with special reference to the hematological setting

Sica

Casale

Rossi

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…For instance, in SARS-CoV, the case-fatality rate was 22% for men compared to 13% for women, while in MERS-CoV the case-fatality rate was 52% for men compared to 23% for women ( 5 ). In SARS-CoV-2, different studies have underlined that females are less prone to infection, contributing for 18% of total Covid-19 cases compared to the affected matched male subjects ( 6 ). In United Kingdom, a large-prospective cohort study illustrated that women account for 40% of Covid-19 cases with 20% lower case-fatality rate compared to men ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

et al. 2021

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In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, an intensive number of studies have been performed to understand in a deeper way the mechanisms behind better or worse clinical outcomes. Epidemiologically, men subjects are more prone to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections than women, with a similar scenario being also stated to the previous coronavirus diseases, namely, SARS-CoV in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV) in 2012. In addition, and despite that aging is regarded as an independent risk factor for the severe form of the disease, even so, women protection is evident. In this way, it has been expected that sex hormones are the main determinant factors in gender differences, with the immunomodulatory effects of estrogen in different viral infections, chiefly in Covid-19, attracting more attention as it might explain the case-fatality rate and predisposition of men for Covid-19 severity. Here, we aim to provide a mini-review and an overview on the protective effects of estrogen in Covid-19. Different search strategies were performed including Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, and Google Scholar database to find relative studies. Findings of the present study illustrated that women have a powerful immunomodulating effect against Covid-19 through the effect of estrogen. This study illustrates that estrogens have noteworthy anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects in Covid-19. Also, estrogen hormone reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This study highlighted the potential protective effect of estrogen against Covid-19 and recommended for future clinical trial and prospective studies to elucidate and confirm this protective effect.

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“…In the childhood population, cancer does not appear to be a condition that worsens the SARS CoV-2 infection outcome; in a study on 20 cancer children with COVID-19 most patients had mild symptoms and were managed at home and only 1 required noncritical care hospitalization for COVID-19 symptoms [8]. There are few data on the clinical evolution of COVID-19 in patients with hematologic diseases as mainly case reports have been reported so far [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In a cohort study at 2 centers in Wuhan, China, hospitalized persons with hematologic cancers had a similar case rate of COVID-19 (10%) compared to normal healthcare providers (7%), but they had more severe disease and a higher case fatality rate (62 vs. 0%) [36].…”

Section: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics Of 6 Patients Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Patients with Hematologic Disorders Undergoing Therapy: Perspective of a Large Referral Hematology Center in Rome

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Patients with cancer may be more susceptible to and have higher morbidity and mortality rates from COVID-19 than the general population, while epidemiologic data specifically addressed to hematologic patients are limited. To investigate whether patients with hematologic diseases undergoing therapy are at increased risk for acquiring SARS CoV-2 infection compared to the general population, a retrospective study was carried out at a referral hematologic center in Rome, Italy, during the period of the greatest epidemic spread (March 8 to May 14, 2020). Methods: All adult and pediatric patients with a diagnosis of a neoplastic or a nonneoplastic hematologic disease who underwent treatment (chemotherapy or immunosuppressive or supportive therapy) during the study period or in the previous 6 months were considered. The prevalence of COVID-19 in the overall outpatient and inpatient population undergoing hematologic treatment compared to that of the general population was analyzed. The measures taken to manage patients during the epidemic period are described. Results: Overall, 2,513 patients with hematological diseases were considered. Out of 243 (9.7%) patients who were screened for SARS CoV-2, three of 119 (2.5%) outpatients with fever or respiratory symptoms and none of 124 asymptomatic patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Three further patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and managed in other hospitals in Rome. As of May 14, 2020, the prevalence of COVID-19 in our hematologic population accounted for 0.24% (95% CI 0.23–0.25; 6 of 2,513 patients: 1 case in every 419 patients) as compared to 0.12% (7,280 of 5,879,082 residents; 1 case in every 807 residents) in the general population (p = 0.14). Three of 6 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 required critical care and 2 died while still positive for SARS CoV-2. Out of 225 healthcare providers on duty at our Institution during the study period, 2 (0.9%) symptomatic cases were diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: In our experience, the prevalence of COVID-19 in hematologic patients, mainly affected by malignancies, was not significantly higher compared to that of the general population. Definition of adapted strategies for healthcare services, while continuing to administer the standard hematologic treatments, represents the crucial challenge for the management of hematologic diseases in the COVID-19 era.

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COVID‐19 in a patient with pre‐existing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with special reference to the hematological setting

The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with special reference to the hematological setting

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

COVID-19 in Patients with Hematologic Disorders Undergoing Therapy: Perspective of a Large Referral Hematology Center in Rome

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