COVID-19 in immunocompromised children and adolescents

Kwak, Byung Ok; Eun, Byung Wook

doi:10.3345/cep.2022.00878

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…According to the data collected from pediatric patients who underwent SOT, immunosuppression did not pose a supplementary risk for severe or complicated COVID-19 cases. The majority of patients demonstrated mild to moderate levels of disease severity, which is similar to that observed in the general population ( 87 ). A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that continuing immune suppressive therapy may be safe for SOT recipients with moderate or severe COVID-19 ( 88 ), as it can potentially alleviate the cytokine storm ( 89 ).…”

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (Sars-cov-2)...supporting

confidence: 79%

A quick algorithmic review on management of viral infectious diseases in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients

Moghadamnia,

Eshaghi,

Alimadadi

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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Pediatric solid organ transplant is a life-saving procedure for children with end-stage organ failure. Viral infections are a common complication following pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT), which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of viral infections due to their immunosuppressed state. The most commonly encountered viruses include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), adenoviruses, and BK polyomavirus. Prevention strategies include vaccination prior to transplantation, post-transplant prophylaxis with antiviral agents, and preemptive therapy. Treatment options vary depending on the virus and may include antiviral therapy and sometimes immunosuppression modification. This review provides a Quick Algorithmic overview of prevention and treatment strategies for viral infectious diseases in pediatric solid organ transplant recipient.

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Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (Sars-cov-2)...supporting

confidence: 79%

A quick algorithmic review on management of viral infectious diseases in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients

Moghadamnia,

Eshaghi,

Alimadadi

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Although children who underwent LT are considered immunocompromised, we hypothesized that COVID-19 in these children was not severe due to several factors. Compared to adults, children were reported to have decreased expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, [ 16 ] which is crucial for SARS-CoV-2’s cell entry. [ 1 ] The prevalence of co-morbidities of COVID-19, [ 1 , 7 ] such as obesity, cardiac disease, and chronic lung disease, was also low in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 17 ] A previous study proposed that corticosteroids and tacrolimus may have some beneficial effects on the COVID-19 disease, [ 18 ] and immunosuppressant agents were not an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among pediatric liver transplant recipients in the delta and omicron variant pandemic: A retrospective study

Getsuwan,

Boonsathorn,

Chaisavaneeyakorn

et al. 2023

Medicine

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To determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children who underwent liver transplantation (LT). A retrospective study was conducted at a transplant center in Thailand to include LT recipients aged < 18 years who had been infected with COVID-19. Out of a total of 54 children, there were 31 probable cases (57.4%) diagnosed using an antigen test kit and 23 confirmed cases (42.6%) diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (14 children) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigen (9 children). Approximately half of the children (25, 46.3%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine before the infection, with 3 and 2 doses in 5 and 18 children, respectively. While some had COVID-19 during the delta pandemic, most (46 children, 85.2%) were infected during the omicron pandemic, of which manifestations included fever (67.4%), cough (50%), and rhinorrhea (47.8%), and symptoms lasted approximately 3 days. None had severe diseases. All patients with mild-to-moderate disease were advised to continue the same immunosuppressive therapy as before the infection. Compared to unvaccinated children or children with one dose of the vaccine, fever was less common in those who received ≥ 2 doses (OR: 0.08; 95%CI: 0.01–0.57, adjusted for age and immunosuppressive types). Favipiravir was prescribed in most patients (90.7%). Only a few children had long COVID-19 or abnormal liver function tests lasting > 1 month (4 children, 7.4%, both). Pediatric LT recipients with COVID-19 during the delta and omicron variant pandemic reported mild symptoms despite undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.

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“…In contrast, other results suggest that immunocompromised children have a higher risk of severe COVID‐19 in high‐risk immunocompromised children by underlying diseases 13 . Thus, continuous monitoring in immunocompromised pediatric patients to prevent serious illness is needed 14 …”

Section: Considerations For Covid‐19 Patients In Immunocompromised Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling COVID‐19 treatment strategies for immunocompromised individuals: Therapeutic innovations and latest findings

Liu,

Tsai

2024

Int J of Rheum Dis

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In the past 3 years, targets for therapeutics and strategies for prevention against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified and developed based on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of infection. Therapeutics for COVID-19 regarding disease time course, symptoms and interventions, different stages of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle, and COVID-19-associated immunomodulatory effects were discussed by Toussi et al. 1 Drug treatment of COVID-19 infection regarding mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease in the outpatient setting, patients hospitalized with mildto-moderate disease, patients hospitalized with the severe and critical disease were recently reviewed by Lui and Guaraldi. 2 EDITO RIA L

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COVID-19 in immunocompromised children and adolescents

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

A quick algorithmic review on management of viral infectious diseases in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients

A quick algorithmic review on management of viral infectious diseases in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among pediatric liver transplant recipients in the delta and omicron variant pandemic: A retrospective study

Unveiling COVID‐19 treatment strategies for immunocompromised individuals: Therapeutic innovations and latest findings

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