COVID-19 in Low and Middle Income Countries

Colebunders, Robert; Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe

doi:10.3390/pathogens11111325

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The lack of adequate diagnostic facilities and clinical laboratories able to properly identify pathogens poses challenges to surveillance efforts 44. COVID-19 testing and reporting continue to be insufficient, and there is a lack of adequate monitoring of COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths 45. These data may be further impacted by the increasing availability of at-home COVID-19 tests, likely resulting in the under-ascertainment of COVID-19 cases 46.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 44 COVID-19 testing and reporting continue to be insufficient, and there is a lack of adequate monitoring of COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths. 45 These data may be further impacted by the increasing availability of at-home COVID-19 tests, likely resulting in the under-ascertainment of COVID-19 cases. 46 This study is descriptive in nature, so it is expected that the observed patterns in the number of COVID-19 and influenza cases may be subject to substantial heterogeneity across countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive analysis to assess seasonal patterns of COVID-19 and influenza in low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America

Kyaw,

Spinardi,

Jagun

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesUnderstanding disease seasonality can help predict the occurrence of outbreaks and inform public health planning. Respiratory diseases typically follow seasonal patterns; however, knowledge regarding the seasonality of COVID-19 and its impact on the seasonality of influenza remains limited. The objective of this study was to provide more evidence to understand the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, in an endemic scenario to guide potential preventive strategies.DesignIn this study, a descriptive analysis was undertaken to describe seasonality trends and/or overlap between COVID-19 and influenza in 12 low-income and middle-income countries using Our World in Data and FluMart data sources. Plots of COVID-19 and influenza cases were analysed.SettingSingapore, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, Morocco, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.Outcome measuresCOVID-19 cases and influenza cases.ResultsNo seasonal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2/influenza cocirculation were observed in most countries, even when considering the avian influenza pandemic period.ConclusionsThese results can inform public health strategies. The lack of observed seasonal behaviour highlights the importance of maintaining year-round vaccination rather than implementing seasonal campaigns. Further research investigating the influence of climate conditions, social behaviour and year-round preventive measures could be fundamental for shaping appropriate policies related to COVID-19 and respiratory viral disease control in low-income and middle-income countries as COVID-19 variant data and epidemiologic patterns accrue over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive analysis to assess seasonal patterns of COVID-19 and influenza in low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America

Kyaw,

Spinardi,

Jagun

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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“…This finding is similar to a study by Qunaibi et al, which showed low VA in LMIC [ 86 ]. This may be because low mortality in LIC and LMIC [ 155 ] led to complacency, hence reducing VA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries

Dinga,

Kabakama,

Njimoh

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is the best method to ensure herd immunity in order to curb the effect of the pandemic on the global economy. It is therefore important to assess the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy on a global scale. Factors were recorded from cross-sectional studies analyzed with t-Test, ANOVA, correlation, and meta-regression analyses and synthesized to identify global trends in order to inform policy. We registered the protocol (ID: CRD42022350418) and used standard Cochrane methods and PRISMA guidelines to collect and synthesize cross-sectional articles published between January 2020 and August 2023. A total of 67 articles with 576 studies from 185 countries involving 3081,766 participants were included in this synthesis. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 65.27% (95% CI; 62.72–67.84%), while global vaccine hesitancy stood at 32.1% (95% CI; 29.05–35.17%). One-Way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement across the World Bank income levels (p < 0.187). There was a significant difference of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001) and vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.005) across the different World Bank Income levels. World Bank income level had a strong influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p < 0.0004) and hesitancy (p < 0.003) but percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement did not. There was no correlation between percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (r = −0.11, p < 0.164) or vaccine hesitancy (r = −0.09, p < 0.234). Meta-regression analysis showed that living in an urban setting (OR = 4.83, 95% CI; 0.67–212.8), rural setting (OR = 2.53, 95% CI; 0.29–119.33), older (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 0.99–4.07), higher education (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 0.85–3.81), and being a low income earner (OR = 2.85, 95% CI; 0.45–30.63) increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors that increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were no influenza vaccine (OR = 33.06, 95% CI; 5.03–1395.01), mistrust for vaccines (OR = 3.91, 95% CI; 1.92–8.24), complacency (OR = 2.86, 95% CI; 1.02–8.83), pregnancy (OR = 2.3, 95% CI; 0.12–141.76), taking traditional herbs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI; 0.52–10.42), being female (OR = 1.53, 95% CI; 0.78–3.01), and safety concerns (OR = 1.29, 95% CI; 0.67–2.51). We proposed a number of recommendations to increase vaccine acceptance and ensure global herd immunity against COVID-19.

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Factors Contributing to Increased Workplace Violence Against Nurses During COVID-19 in the Healthcare Settings of a Lower Middle-income Country: A Qualitative Study

Somani,

Muntaner,

Velonis

et al. 2024

Asian Nursing Research

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COVID-19 in Low and Middle Income Countries

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is by far the worst epidemic in the last century, causing more than 6 [...]

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Descriptive analysis to assess seasonal patterns of COVID-19 and influenza in low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America

Descriptive analysis to assess seasonal patterns of COVID-19 and influenza in low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America

Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries

Factors Contributing to Increased Workplace Violence Against Nurses During COVID-19 in the Healthcare Settings of a Lower Middle-income Country: A Qualitative Study

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