COVID-19 in the environment

Abstract

In recent months, the presence of an emerging disease of infectious etiology has paralyzed everyone, already being a public health problem due to its high rate of infection, a life-threatening disease. The WHO has named it COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). New studies provide information of the role of the environment in COVID-19 transmission process, mortality related to this infectious disease and the impact on human health. The following review aims to analyze information on the implications of COVID-19 infection on human health and the impact of its presence on the environment, from its transmission capacity and the role of air pollutants and climatological factors to reducing the air pollution during confinement. Likewise, it provides a vision of the impact on the environment and human health of exposure to disinfectants and the presence of COVID-19 in wastewater, among other actions.

Investigating connections between COVID-19 pandemic, air pollution and community interventions for Pakistan employing geoinformation technologies

“…AuthorAnonymous et al, 2013 ; SanJuan-Reyes and Islas-Flores, 2021 ; The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China, 2020 ; ul et al, 2014 ; World Air Quality Report, 2018 ; Zhu et al, 2020 .…”

Pilot Study: Long-Term Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in Urine: A Threat for Dispersal in Wastewater

“…In these last few months, scientific evidence has shown us that it is a respiratory virus, but the resulting infection is not localized, and clinical pictures are suggestive of extrapulmonary viral dissemination. Furthermore, virus shedding could occur from different sites and not only through respiratory droplets (6,7).…”

“…The gold standard to detect the virus in the patients affected by COVID-19 is an rRT-PCR on their nasopharyngeal swabs, both for diagnosis and follow-up. After two negative swabs, patients are discharged but the SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be still present in the saliva (4,5), and probably in other body districts, possibly acting as a viral reservoir (6).…”

Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security: A New Dimension in the Era of COVID-19

“…It is well known that the COVID-19 (corona virus disease-2019) outbreak is caused by a highly pathogenic novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Daverey and Dutt, 2020). This virus attacked and penetrated all aspects of our life including human health (Anser et al 2020;Celis et al 2020;Hagerty and Williams 2020;Mahmood et al 2020), our daily routines (Ali et al 2020), and all environmental compartments such as soil (Conde-Cid et al 2020;Lal et al 2020a, b), water (Langone et al 2021), air (Berman and Ebisu 2020; Anil and Alagha 2020),crop productivity (Yao et al 2020;Zhou et al 2020), environment (Lokhandwala and Gautam 2020;Espejo et al 2020;Juan-Reyes et al 2021;Mohan et al 2021) as well as the social, economic, environmental and energy domains (Mofijur et al 2021). This virus also impacted nearly all sectors on which our life depends including agriculture (Lal 2020;Meine 2020), industrial production (Adnan and Nordin 2020), tourism (Sigala 2020;Škare et al 2020), economic sector (McElwee et al 2020;Elliott et al 2020;Karmaker et al 2021) and other human activities (Nakajima et al 2021).…”