Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

González-García, Nadia; Castilla-Peón, María Fernanda; Santos, Fortino Solórzano; Jiménez-Juárez, Rodolfo Norberto; Bustamante, Maria Elena Martínez; Hibert, Miguel Angel Minero; Garduño-Espinosa, Juan

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.738423

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the contrary, there is evidence showing that pediatric asthma has no impact or even plays a protective role against the development of severe SARS-COV-2 infection. Cohort studies from the UK and Mexico found no significant association between asthma and hospital admission in pediatric patients [7,162]. In addition, in a study involving more than 19,000 COVID-19 patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) across 45 US children's hospitals, asthma was found to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, compared to pediatric COVID-19 patients discharged from the ED.…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality

Zhang

Dong

Liu

et al. 2022

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

423

194

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The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an evolving global health crisis. Currently, a number of risk factors have been identified to have a potential impact on increasing the morbidity of COVID-19 in adults, including old age, male sex, pre-existing comorbidities, and racial/ethnic disparities. In addition to these factors, changes in laboratory indices and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as possible complications, could indicate the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage. Children predominantly suffer from mild illnesses due to COVID-19. Similar to adults, the main risk factors in pediatric patients include age and pre-existing comorbidities. In contrast, supplementation with a healthy diet and sufficient nutrition, COVID-19 vaccination, and atopic conditions may act as protective factors against the infection of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccination not only protects vulnerable individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection, more importantly, it may also reduce the development of severe disease and death due to COVID-19. Currently used therapies for COVID-19 are off-label and empiric, and their impacts on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are still unclear. The interaction between asthma and COVID-19 may be bidirectional and needs to be clarified in more studies. In this review, we highlight the clinical evidence supporting the rationale for the risk and protective factors for the morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19.

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Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality

Zhang

Dong

Liu

et al. 2022

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

423

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In children under 10 years of age, comorbid conditions associated with increased mortality were mainly those coded as ‘other comorbidities’. In those between 11 and 20 years old, diabetes, obesity, immunosuppression and chronic renal disease were the most significant associated factors 49…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those between 11 and 20 years old, diabetes, obesity, immunosuppression and chronic renal disease were the most significant associated factors. 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology and risk factors for hospitalisation and death in Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study.SettingMexican Ministry of Health open databases with COVID-19 cases occurred from 7 March 2020 to 30 September 2021.ParticipantsMexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths were characterised by age group, sex, presence of pneumonia and comorbidities, intubation and intensive care unit admission, and institution that provided medical care. Cumulative incidence, mortality, case fatality rates and ORs for hospitalisation and death were estimated by age group.Results5.5% (204 641) of national COVID-19 cases were children under 18 years of age: 2.9% under 1 year, 12.5% from 1 to 5 years, 15% from 6 to 9 years and 69.4% from 10 to 17 years. 4.6% of all cases were hospitalised, from which 54.6% were male, 35.3% were children under 1 year old, 39.6% were adolescents and 34% had pneumonia. Pneumonia developed in 2.3% of cases, from which 50% were adolescents. Case fatality rate was higher in children less than 1 year old (4.2%). Risk analyses showed that male sex (OR 1.16–1.28), history of pneumonia (OR 29.7–65.4), immunosuppression (OR 5.3–42.9), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.4–14.6) and other comorbidities (OR 5.4–19.1), as well as age less than 1 year (OR 20.1, 95% CI 18.8 to 21.4), confer a greater risk of hospitalisation; in addition to comorbidities, age less than 1 year (OR 16.6, 95% CI 14.1 to 19.6), history of pneumonia (OR 14.1–135.1) and being an adolescent from an indigenous community (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.54, p=0.012) increase the risk of death.ConclusionsIn Mexico, children less than 1 year old with COVID-19 have higher risk of hospitalisation and death than older children. Adolescents with COVID-19 in association with comorbidities develop adverse outcomes more frequently.

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“…Concerning the Latin-American population, high fatality rates have been observed in Hispanics Specifically in Mexican patients, there have been some attempts to define the factors associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The presence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and CKD increases the mortality risk of COVID-19 [ 2 , 19 , 20 ], the mortality risk sharply increases with two or more comorbid diseases [ 19 ]. The Mexican population is at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 due to the high prevalence of overweight, with 70% of the population being overweight [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Biochemical and Respiratory Markers in the Mortality of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Mexican Population

Altuve-Quiroz¹,

Fernández-Reynoso²,

Mondragón-Soto³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged the traditional perspectives of health care. The objective of our study was to analyze the association of different hematological biomarkers and respiratory assistance with the disease's severity and mortality in COVID-19.Materials and methods: A single reference center, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive and analytical, observational study was carried out on 362 SARS-CoV-2 positive adults from April to October 2020.Results: The mean age of the population was 55.92±13.12 years. A distribution by gender of n=227 (63.0%) men and n=135 women (37.0%) was found. Mortality occurred in 14% of the studied population. Comorbidities associated were hypertension n=128 (35.0%) and diabetes n=112 (31.0%). Of the 362 patients, 64 required advanced ventilatory support when taken to the intensive care unit, of these 39 (60.9%) died and only 25 (39.1%) survived (p<0.0001). On the other hand, biochemical indicators such as CRP, D-dimer, DHL, lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, showed a significant difference (p<0.0001) at admission and during the stay in the intensive care unit.Conclusions: Patients who required ventilatory assistance showed an increased risk of mortality, as did those who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Higher mortality was associated with higher values of CRP, DHL, D-dimer, neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio, total leukocytes, and lower lymphocytes.

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Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality

Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study

The Role of Biochemical and Respiratory Markers in the Mortality of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Mexican Population

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