COVID‐19 induces gastrointestinal symptoms and affects patients’ prognosis

Jin, Shuxun; Lu, Xiaofeng; Xu, Chaoyang

doi:10.1177/03000605221129543

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Notably, recent clinical studies have reported that an increasing proportion of COVID-19 patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms ( Chen et al, 2020 ; Jin et al, 2020 ; Redd et al, 2020 ; Blackett et al, 2022 ; Freedberg and Chang, 2022 ; Jin et al, 2022 ) and direct evidence of active SARS-CoV-2 replication has been found in the intestines ( Qian et al, 2021 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Cuicchi et al, 2022 ). Intestinal infection can induce the infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa of COVID-19 patients ( Xiao et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have focused on clinical symptoms in the respiratory tract, as viral infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, which are considered the main causes of death in COVID-19 patients ( Huang et al, 2020 ; Empson et al, 2022 ; Ramadori, 2022 ; Wang and Perlman, 2022 ). However, ACE2 is also highly expressed in the human intestinal tract, and a increasing number of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms ( Liang et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Nobel et al, 2020 ; Muus et al, 2021 ; Blackett et al, 2022 ; Freedberg and Chang, 2022 ; Jin et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, direct evidence of active SARS-CoV-2 replication in the intestines has been found in clinical samples ( Xiao et al, 2020 ; Qian et al, 2021 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Cuicchi et al, 2022 ; Freedberg and Chang, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel hACE2 knock-in mouse model recapitulates pulmonary and intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2023

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter the host, and the gastrointestinal tract is a potential infection site as this receptor is expressed on it. Multiple studies have indicated that an increasing number of COVID-19 patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms that are highly associated with disease severity. Moreover, emerging evidence has demonstrated that alterations in the gut immune microenvironment induced by intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection can regulate respiratory symptoms. Therefore, targeting the intestines may be a candidate therapeutic strategy in patients with COVID-19; however, no mouse model can serve as an appropriate infection model for the development of fatal pneumonia while mimicking intestinal infection. In this study, a novel human ACE2 knock-in (KI) mouse model (or hACE2-KI) was systemically compared with the popular K18-hACE2 mice; it showed differences in the distribution of lung and intestinal infections and pathophysiological characteristics. These newly generated hACE2-KI mice were susceptible to intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2, and not only developed mild to severe lung injury, but also acquired intestinal infection. Consequently, this model can be a useful tool for studying intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing effective therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel hACE2 knock-in mouse model recapitulates pulmonary and intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2023

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“…Recent evidence revealed that cardiovascular involvement and inflammation were highly associated with poor prognosis and mortality [ 54 – 58 ]. In addition, neurological symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, and loss of olfactory sensation, as well as gastrointestinal reactions, were common adverse prognostic events [ 59 , 60 ]. In the present study, we found that symptoms after quarantine were positively associated with prognosis, rather than initial symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Chinese proprietary medicine and vaccination on patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in Macao

Mo,

Zhou,

Lao

et al. 2024

Chin Med

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Background COVID-19 is continuing to ravage globally and has resulted in a huge health and financial burden. Chinese proprietary medicines, such as Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) and Huoxiang Zhengqi (HXZQ) capsules, have been recommended for non-high-risk patients with COVID-19 in China. Based on this, we described the baseline information, using status of LHQW and HXZQ capsules and inoculation history of quarantined patients in the second half of 2022 in Macao. Additionally, we analyzed the underlying association among medicines administration, vaccination and COVID-19 indices, in order to explore novel clues for the regular control and prevention of local epidemic situation in the future. Methods A total of 976 patients in Macao quarantine hotels from June to August 2022 were included in the present study, of which, 857 subjects were followed-up for prognosis evaluation. During quarantine, the baseline demographic information, including sex, age, BMI, occupation and personal habits were collected. Additionally, the inoculation history, medicine employment status and cycle threshold (Ct) values were also reported. We interviewed the patients for collection of their symptoms at the beginning and end of quarantine, as well as prognostic ones. Basic statistical description of baseline information, vaccination history and medication were displayed. Chi-squared test or with continuous correction test was employed for comparison of dichotomous data between two or multiple groups. Binary logistic regression was applied to reveal the correlation between potential risk factors and Ct values or prognosis symptoms. We also used Cox regression model to identify the effect of different types of vaccine products on Ct value altering rate. Results Patients who were female (52.0%), engaged in service industry (31.8%), from Macao native (65.8%), never took physical exercises (33.6%) and preferred irritated diet (59.5%) enjoyed more dominant proportions. Over 80% of participants were inoculated and 74.6% of them chose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine produced by China National Biotech Group (CNBG). Participants used LHQW capsules accounted for 92.1% and the duration of medicating lasted for one to two weeks. All of the reported symptoms were significantly ameliorated after quarantine and the duration of quarantine was concentrated on 21 days. People with different age, sex, occupation and region had different choices of HXZQ administration and vaccination. Additionally, middle dose (4–5 boxes) of LHQW capsules exhibited evidently negative association with positive Ct values (adjusted, − 0.037 ± 0.19, p = 0.04). Two doses of CNBG and one dose of mRNA vaccine had obvious protective effect on reducing Ct positive rate (p = 0.041). Meanwhile, symptoms after quarantine were significantly positive correlated with those in prognosis (adjusted, 1.38 ± 0.18, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our study found that the administration of LHQW capsules was beneficial for Ct value turning negative, meanwhile, certain mixed inoculation may be the promoting factor to reduce the positive rate of Ct value. These findings provide data basis for the Chinese proprietary medicine treatment and mixed vaccination applying for prevention and control of local COVID-19 epidemic in the future.

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“…Patients should seek medical attention if their symptoms persist or worsen. Follow-up care is essential, and the resolution of the infection should be confirmed with repeated testing when necessary[ 113 ]. Please refer to Table 8 for a summary of the proposed treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review

Elbeltagi¹,

Al‐Biltagi²,

Saeed³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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In recent years, because of the growing desire to improve the noninvasiveness and safety of tumor treatments, sonodynamic therapy has gradually become a popular research topic. However, due to the complexity of the therapeutic process, the relevant mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. One of the widely accepted possibilities involves the effect of reactive oxygen species. In this review, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species production by sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and ways to enhance the sonodynamic production of reactive oxygen species are reviewed. Then, the clinical application and limitations of SDT are discussed. In conclusion, current research on sonodynamic therapy should focus on the development of sonosensitizers that efficiently produce active oxygen, exhibit biological safety, and promote the clinical transformation of sonodynamic therapy.

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COVID‐19 induces gastrointestinal symptoms and affects patients’ prognosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

A novel hACE2 knock-in mouse model recapitulates pulmonary and intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection

A novel hACE2 knock-in mouse model recapitulates pulmonary and intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection

The effects of Chinese proprietary medicine and vaccination on patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in Macao

COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review

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