COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges

Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhawan, Manish; Tiwari, Ruchi; Emran, Talha Bin; Mitra, Saikat; Rabaan, Ali A.; Alhumaid, Saad; Alawi, Zainab Al; Mutair, Abbas Al

doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2045853

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Data from mass vaccination efforts suggest that mRNA vaccines are safe, with adverse effects that are generally acceptable in frequency and severity. Nevertheless, rapid and robust local inflammation could be induced in mice‐administrated mRNA vaccines via intradermal, 91 intramuscular, 92 or intranasal routes 93 . This process was dependent on the ionizable lipid component of the LNP formulation 94 .…”

Section: Basics Of Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases

Duan

Yang

et al. 2022

MedComm

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Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines made their successful public debut in the effort against the COVID‐19 outbreak starting in late 2019, although the history of mRNA vaccines can be traced back decades. This review provides an overview to discuss the historical course and present situation of mRNA vaccine development in addition to some basic concepts that underly mRNA vaccines. We discuss the general preparation and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines and also discuss the scientific advances in the in vivo delivery system and evaluate popular approaches (i.e., lipid nanoparticle and protamine) in detail. Next, we highlight the clinical value of mRNA vaccines as potent candidates for therapeutic treatment and discuss clinical progress in the treatment of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Data suggest that mRNA vaccines, with several prominent advantages, have achieved encouraging results and increasing attention due to tremendous potential in disease management. Finally, we suggest some potential directions worthy of further investigation and optimization. In addition to basic research, studies that help to facilitate storage and transportation will be indispensable for practical applications.

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Section: Basics Of Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases

Duan

Yang

et al. 2022

MedComm

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“…Moreover, a high-efficacy route of vaccine delivery and ease of administration should also be prioritized for vaccination. It has been proposed that the nasal vaccine holds promise for the next generation of anti-respiratory virus vaccines since it is close to the natural infection route [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Several studies have demonstrated that there are many advantages of using nasal or intranasal as a vaccine delivery path.…”

Section: Vaccine Approach To Prevent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly Emerged Antiviral Strategies for SARS-CoV-2: From Deciphering Viral Protein Structural Function to the Development of Vaccines, Antibodies, and Small Molecules

Zhang

Yang

2022

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the most severe health crisis, causing extraordinary economic disruption worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA-enveloped virus. The process of viral replication and particle packaging is finished in host cells. Viral proteins, including both structural and nonstructural proteins, play important roles in the viral life cycle, which also provides the targets of treatment. Therefore, a better understanding of the structural function of virus proteins is crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies. Currently, the structure and function of proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome are reviewed by several studies. However, most of them are based on the analysis of SARS-CoV-1 particles, lacking a systematic review update for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we specifically focus on the structure and function of proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2. Viral proteins that contribute to COVID-19 infection and disease pathogenesis are reviewed according to the most recent research findings. The structure-function correlation of viral proteins provides a fundamental rationale for vaccine development and targeted therapy. Then, current antiviral vaccines are updated, such as inactive viral vaccines and protein-based vaccines and DNA, mRNA, and circular RNA vaccines. A summary of other therapeutic options is also reviewed, including monoclonal antibodies such as a cross-neutralizer antibody, a constructed cobinding antibody, a dual functional monoclonal antibody, an antibody cocktail, and an engineered bispecific antibody, as well as peptide-based inhibitors, chemical compounds, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) exploration. Overall, viral proteins and their functions provide the basis for targeted therapy and vaccine development.

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“…Due to a lack of efficient therapeutic candidates, the world is having a difficult time battling this outbreak. Many research groups have developed COVID-19 vaccines such as mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), recombinant vaccines, protein subunit-based vaccines, live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines after a substantial amount of effort [ 2 , 3 ]. These vaccines are being employed to vaccinate people in various nations under national vaccination programs [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%