COVID-19: Is herd immunity the only option for fragile Yemen?

Noushad, Mohammed; Al-Saqqaf, Inas Shakeeb

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.030

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… 18–21 However, in Yemen, the country did not enforce the lockdown policies and did not restrict people’s movements due to the lack of coordination between the government administrations and daily working nature of people. 22 Moreover, the authorities in the north part of Yemen have been refused to admit the full scale of the COVID-19 outbreak. 13 In this study, we endeavoured to assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the utilisation of health services before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Yemen in comparison with the same period in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of health services at public hospitals in Yemen: a retrospective comparative study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global crisis, creating an unprecedented situation, which has taken the world by storm, overshadowing on all life’ aspects and having a significant impact on the health systems of most countries. In this study, the delivery of health services is investigated both before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at public hospitals in Yemen to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the utilisation of health services.MethodData collected from 127 hospitals in Yemen were reviewed using the DHIS2 system. The data represented 3 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 between January and March 2020 and during the outbreak of COVID-19 outbreak between April and June 2020. The results were then compared with the same period in 2019. The utilisation pattern of healthcare services during the period of investigation was compiled and analysed by applying a generalised estimating equation (GEE) to examine the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yemen. The data collected from the targeted hospitals included information related to consultations, surgeries, deliveries, C-sections and penta-3rd dose immunisation.ResultsThe trendline of health services used during the pandemic showed a gradual decline beginning from April 2020 for consultations, surgeries and penta-3rd dose utilisation. The GEE model revealed a significant effect (p<0.05) during the outbreak compared with preoutbreak in the consultation services (B=−1,343.9; 95% CI −1,767.2 to −920.6; χ2=38.718), surgeries (B=−54.98; 95% CI −79.13 to −30.83, χ2=19.911) and penta-3rd dose (B=−24.47; 95% CI −30.56 to −18.38 and χ2=62.010). As for deliveries and C-sections, the results were shown to be statistically non-significant.ConclusionThe impact of COVID-19 on continuity of health services delivery in Yemen has been distinct and profound, where the study revealed that the number of the consultations, surgeries and number of vaccinated children have been declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to the partially lockdown measures taken and fear of being infected. However, the deliveries and C-section services remained nearly in the same level and did not affect by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of health services at public hospitals in Yemen: a retrospective comparative study

et al. 2022

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“…A number of scientific-social debates were raised in the media about whether face veils provide adequate protection as ordinary face masks, with no experimental data available to settle this debate (Caldera, 2020;Perolini, 2020). Only two studies reported that face veils were used in certain countries as an alternative to the face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic (Noushad & Al-Saqqaf, 2021;Raja et al, 2021). However, no experimental data was reported to support this assumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration efficiency of face masks and veils as protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic

Al-Hadyan

Al-Harbi²,

Judia³

et al. 2021

KJS publishes peer-review articles in Mathematics, Computer Sci

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Wearing face masks have been implemented as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the protection level of nonmedical face masks, such as women face veils, is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess the filtration efficiency (FE; percentage of particles retained by a mask) of different types of medical masks (either as sealed or unsealed, single or doubled), non-medical masks (cloth masks) and face veils. FE of face masks was evaluated using an in-house 3D-printed air duct connected to the Aerotrak particle counter with a capability of counting particle sizes of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2 and 5 μm. A set of 10 earloop surgical masks,10 tie-on surgical masks, 3 triple-layers reusable cloth masks and 3 types (short, medium and long) of traditional face veils were included in the study. The unsealed surgical masks showed intermediate FE (36.54-80.58%), with no observed differences between tie-on and earloop or single and doubled masks. For each mask type, the mean FE values of sealed surgical masks (FE≥99.16%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the unsealed ones (FE≤80.58%). No significant difference was observed in the mean FE values between unsealed surgical masks and either cloth masks (FE=23.19-75.35%, P=0.26) or face veils (FE=19.10- 70.68%, P=0.14). However, a mockup experiment showed that wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improve the FE (33.73-79.18%; P<0.001). We conclude that besides sealed surgical masks that ensure optimal filtration under the experimental conditions, the unsealed surgical and cloth masks and face veils showed comparable performance and acceptable protection at 5 μm particle size, which is the most relevant particle size associated with COVID-19 infectious droplets. Wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improves the FE compared to wearing a face veil alone.

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COVID-19 surveillance in fragile health systems, armed conflict and humanitarian crisis, the case of Yemen

Ba-Break,

Donnelly,

Saleh

et al. 2024

International Journal of Healthcare Management

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COVID-19: Is herd immunity the only option for fragile Yemen?

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of health services at public hospitals in Yemen: a retrospective comparative study

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of health services at public hospitals in Yemen: a retrospective comparative study

Filtration efficiency of face masks and veils as protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 surveillance in fragile health systems, armed conflict and humanitarian crisis, the case of Yemen

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