COVID-19 loss of taste and smell: potential psychological repercussions

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a cause for global concern. Apart from a multitude of symptoms, the virus is known for its ability to cause loss of taste and smell that can be irreversible in a few cases. In fact, even after recovery, post-covid syndrome can still lead to devastating outcomes, specifically with reference to loss of smell and taste. A number of mechanisms that have been postulated include receptor-mediated uptake, increased inflammation, transneuronal migration, and direct damage to the olfactory pathway. Considering how important these two senses are, many psychological, social, and emotional repercussions can be expected. These repercussions include lowering of self-esteem and developmental of mental health issues. Long-term altered taste sensation can also lead to the development of unhealthy eating habits that can result in increasing risk for diabetes and hypertension. A few solutions have been investigated for treating these chemosensory dysfunctions, such as olfactory training, corticosteroids, theophylline and acupuncture. Although the results have been promising but a new modality, virtual reality, requires more in-depth exploration because it targets not only the dysfunction but also the mental health issues being experienced. It is important that affected individuals be provided with strong emotional and family support. Additionally, physicians can help the patients through support groups, cognitive behavioural therapy, olfactory, and virtual reality training.

Long‐term smell loss experiences after COVID‐19: A qualitative study

“…This study investigated the experiences and coping methods of patients who experienced long-term loss of smell after COVID-19. 30 The main points that stand out in the descriptive characteristics of the participants in the study can be summarized as follows:…”

Patient Insights into the Diagnosis of Smell and Taste Disorders in the United States

“…22 Smell and taste disturbances have also been shown to have significant psychosocial implications on patients’ quality of life and well-being, putting patients at higher risk of anxiety and depression. 13,16,17 Previous literature has demonstrated that worse olfactory function correlates with worse olfactory-specific quality of life. 15 Patients report the inability to enjoy food, maintain their appetite and nutritional status, participate in social gatherings, and maintain personal hygiene.…”

“…15 Patients report the inability to enjoy food, maintain their appetite and nutritional status, participate in social gatherings, and maintain personal hygiene. 13 Additionally, patients with diminished senses face safety concerns such as the inability to detect smoke, fires, or gas leaks, and can also impact professional careers for chefs, firefighters, and perfumers for example. 13,23,24 Without documentation and record-keeping of smell or taste dysfunction, new providers may not be aware of the impact of untreated disease on quality of life, nutrition, and physical and mental health.…”

“…13,23,24 Without documentation and record-keeping of smell or taste dysfunction, new providers may not be aware of the impact of untreated disease on quality of life, nutrition, and physical and mental health. 13…”

“…Smell and taste dysfunction has been shown to be detrimental to quality of life. 13–15 Patients with undiagnosed or untreated disease are especially at risk of significant psychological and physical consequences, including anxiety, depression, malnutrition, and safety concerns. 16,17 Establishing a diagnosis of smell or taste dysfunction is important to ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment, follow up, and necessary medical and social supports.…”