COVID-19 Mortality and Contemporaneous Air Pollution

Austin, Wes; Carattini, Stefano; Mahecha, John Gomez

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3711885

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The reason for this is unknown, although there are a few theories. Some possible significant covariates are the average yearly number of people arriving per capita [33,34], median age [34][35][36], or air pollution [35,[37][38][39][40][41], but none of these appear to provide a convincing explanation for the correlation between wealth and cases or deaths. More recently it is still the case that wealthier countries have more cases; see 3(d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vaccination rates on the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19

Westerhout

Khataee

Neufeld

2022

Preprint

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By looking at trends in global epidemic data, we evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines on the incidence and mortality from the delta variant of COVID-19. By comparing countries of varying vaccination levels, we find that more vaccinated countries have lower deaths while not having lower cases. This cannot be explained by testing rates or restrictions, but can be partly explained by the most susceptible countries also being the highest vaccinated countries. We also find that during the period when many countries have high vaccination rates, cases and deaths are both increasing in time. This seems to be caused by the waning of the protection vaccines grant against infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vaccination rates on the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19

Westerhout

Khataee

Neufeld

2022

Preprint

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“…Using the distance to the closest neighboring county in non-attainment under the Clean Air Act as an instrument, Furzer and Miloucheva (2020) find that a 1 mg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in a 41 percent increase in cases and a 43.5 percent increase in deaths. Austin et al (2020) use variation in daily wind direction as an instrument for pollution and find that a 1 mg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in a 2 percent increase in cases and a 3 percent increase in deaths, though the results are larger over longer time horizons. In contrast, we find that a 0.8 mg/m 3 increase leads to a 10.6 percent increase in deaths, which is much larger than what Isphording and Pestel and Austin et al (2020) find, but smaller than what Furzer and Miloucheva find on deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Increased Pollution on COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Persico

2020

SSRN Journal

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“…Although the World Meteorological Association (WMT) has called for caution on the interpretation of meteorological and air quality factors as causally affecting COVID-19 spread and mortality [ 37 ], there is emerging evidence of the causal links between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality. For example, evidence of a causal relationship between contemporaneous exposure to PM 2.5 pollution and COVID-19 mortality has been provided for the United States [ 38 ], and a causal relationship between day-to-day variation in pollution by particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 μ m (PM 10 ) and COVID- 19 cases and mortality among the elderly has been documented in Germany [ 39 ]. Similarly, it has been shown that a rollback of enforcement of environmental regulation by the US-EPA increased PM 2.5 pollution and COVID-19 cases and deaths [ 40 ].…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between long-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 mortality in Latin America

et al. 2023

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Recent studies have shown a relationship between air pollution and increased vulnerability and mortality due to COVID-19. Most of these studies have looked at developed countries. This study examines the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19-related deaths in four countries of Latin America that have been highly affected by the pandemic: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. Our results suggest that an increase in long-term exposure of 1 μg/m3 of fine particles is associated with a 2.7 percent increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate. This relationship is found primarily in municipalities of metropolitan areas, where urban air pollution sources dominate, and air quality guidelines are usually exceeded. By focusing the analysis on Latin America, we provide a first glimpse on the role of air pollution as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality within a context characterized by weak environmental institutions, limited health care capacity and high levels of inequality.

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COVID-19 Mortality and Contemporaneous Air Pollution

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of vaccination rates on the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19

Effect of vaccination rates on the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19

The Effects of Increased Pollution on COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Association between long-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 mortality in Latin America

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