COVID-19 mortality, excess mortality, deaths per million and infection fatality ratio, Belgium, 9 March 2020 to 28 June 2020

Molenberghs, Geert; Faes, Christel; Verbeeck, Johan; Deboosere, Patrick; Abrams, Steven A.; Willem, Lander; Aerts, Jan; Theeten, Heidi; Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Sierra, Natalia Bustos; Renard, Françoise; Herzog, Sereina A; Lusyne, Patrick; Heyden, Johan Van der; Oyen, Herman Van; Damme, Pierre Van; Hens, Niel

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.7.2002060

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A major survey of available data 12 estimated the age-standardized IFR for Bulgaria to be 0.873% in early 2020, decreasing to 0.565% in early 2021 (likely thanks to improved treatments). An early-2020 estimate for Belgium 27 placed the overall IFR at ∼ 1.5%. Published early-2020 estimates for Spain were for IFR = 1.2% 28 and 1.15% 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria in its first two years

Rangachev

Marinov

Младенов

2022

Preprint

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After initially having low levels of SARS-CoV-2 infections for much of the year, at the end of 2020 Bulgaria experienced a major epidemic surge, which caused the highest recorded excess mortality in Europe and among the highest in the word (Excess Mortality Rate, or EMR ~0.25%). Two more major waves followed in 2021, followed by another one in early 2022. In this study we analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of excess mortality at the national and local levels and across different demographic groups in Bulgaria, and compare those at the European level. The country has continued to exhibit the previous pattern of extremely high excess mortality as measured both by crude mortality metrics (EMR ~1.05% up to the end of March 2022) and by standardized ones -- Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) and Aged-Standardized Years of life lost Rate (ASYR). Unlike Western Europe, the bulk of excess mortality in Bulgaria, as well as in several other countries in Eastern Europe, occurred in the second year of the pandemic, likely related to the differences in the levels of vaccination coverage between these regions. We also observe even more extreme levels of excess mortality at the regional level and in some subpopulations (e.g. total EMR values for males ~2% and EMR values for males aged 40-64 ~1% in certain areas). We discuss these observations in light of the estimates of infection fatality rate (IFR) and eventual population fatality rate (PFR) made early in the course of the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria in its first two years

Rangachev

Marinov

Младенов

2022

Preprint

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“…The age-speci c SARS-CoV-2 death rate in Korea was higher among patients over 70 years of age with underlying diseases in their circulatory system such as arrhythmia, cerebral infarction, hypertension and myocardial infarction [55]. A recent study has proved the highest mortality rate per million inhabitants of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Belgium between April 11, 2020, and August 26, 2020 [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis and epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 in first wave among different states of India

Kaushik

Nikita

Lugani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread worldwide, and various governments are attempting to control the disease's spread to overcome the global health crisis. Data from 28 Indian states and 8 Union Territories (UTs) provide a detailed look at the transmission pathways and case fatality rate (CFR) of the SARS-CoV-2. Among the global data, India was found to be the third country with the highest mortality cases of 157K, and Maharashtra was having the most higher number of mortality cases followed by Tamil Nadu and others. The percent distribution of CFR calculated in each geographical zone of India i.e. Central, Eastern, North Eastern and Northern, Southern and Western zone were 17%, 14%, 7%, 22%, 12%, and 28%, respectively. Furthermore, the CFR was calculated for every month using a standard formula. The CFR was significantly (P<0.01) higher in period II comprising April to June of the year 2020. CFR was significantly different (P<0.01) depending on the month. Moreover, CFR was compared in different zones in India, western zone showed the highest CFR as compared to other zones. The epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in patients of various ages and co-morbidities. Patients >21 years had the highest age-specific positivity rate. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 patients in acute and chronic disease was 12.87 and 87.13 percent, respectively. Thus, this analytical epidemiological study serves specifically in establishing a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and other precipitating factors causing morbidity and mortality during the given time frame in the first wave, in the year 2020.

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“…Worldwide, Belgium was one of the countries with the highest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths per capita [1]. About 60% of these deaths were residents from nursing homes (NH) [2]. Also, in Europe, the WHO estimated that at the end of June 2020, about half of the COVID-19 deaths were NH residents [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among staff and residents of nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) in fall 2020

et al. 2022

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Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies, using dried blood spots, was determined in October-November 2020, among residents and staff randomly selected from 20 nursing homes (NH) geographically distributed in Flanders, Belgium. Sociodemographic and medical data [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and results of RT-PCR tests] were retrieved using questionnaires. The overall seroprevalence was 17.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9-19.5], with 18.9% (95% CI 15.9-22.2) of the residents and 14.9% (95% CI 11.9-18.4) of the staff having antibodies, which was higher than the seroprevalence in blood donors. The seroprevalence in the 20 NH varied between 0.0% and 45.0%. Fourteen per cent of the staff with antibodies, reported no typical COVID-19 symptoms, while in residents, 51.0% of those with antibodies had no symptoms. The generalised mixed effect model showed a positive association between COVID-19 symptoms and positive serology, but this relation was weaker in residents compared to staff. This study shows that NH are more affected by SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. The large variation between NH, suggests that some risk factors for the spread among residents and staff may be related to the NH. Further, the results suggest that infected people, without the typical COVID-19 symptoms, might play a role in outbreaks. 8Heidi Janssens et al.

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COVID-19 mortality, excess mortality, deaths per million and infection fatality ratio, Belgium, 9 March 2020 to 28 June 2020

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

The impact and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria in its first two years

The impact and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria in its first two years

Comparative analysis and epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 in first wave among different states of India

Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among staff and residents of nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) in fall 2020

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