COVID-19 nephropathy: probable mechanisms of kidney failure

Khouchlaa, Aya; Bouyahya, Abdelhakim

doi:10.34172/jnp.2020.35

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Multiple factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in patients with Covid-19. 6,7 The initial impact might be the direct role of the virus on the renal parenchyma mediated by activating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which functions as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE-2 and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) genes are expressed in kidney cells as much as in lung, small intestine and oesophagus; supporting their role as profound targets of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Ahmadian

Khatibi

Soofiyani

et al. 2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

279

256

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The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has turned into a life-threatening pandemic disease . About 5% of patients with Covid-19 have severe symptoms including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the failure of several organs, while most of them have mild symptoms. Frequently, the kidneys are involved through direct or indirect mechanisms. Kidney involvement mainly manifests itself as proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI). The SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect the kidney podocytes and proximal tubular cells and based on an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway it can lead to acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman's capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. The SARS-CoV-2-driven dysregulation of the immune responses including cytokine storm, macrophage activation syndrome, and lymphopenia can be other causes of the AKI. Organ interactions, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, rhabdomyolysis, and sepsis are other potential mechanisms of AKI. Moreover, lower oxygen delivery to kidney may cause an ischaemic injury. Understanding the fundamental molecular pathways and pathophysiology of kidney injury and AKI in Covid-19 is necessary to develop management strategies and design effective therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Ahmadian

Khatibi

Soofiyani

et al. 2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

279

256

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,24,30 Similarly, the incidence rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) is between 3% and 23% in COVID-19 patients, which increases to 20-40% in patients admitted to ICU. [30][31][32] The mechanisms for these extrapulmonary complications are multifactorial. Proposed mechanisms include damage to cardiac and renal cells triggered by the virus's entry into the cells via ACE 2.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy for COVID‐19: Challenges and opportunities

Chinni

El-Khoury

Perera

et al. 2021

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. Patients with COVID-19 are at risk of cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), reduced blood oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and a high death rate. Although recent studies have shown remdesivir and dexamethasone as treatment options, there is an urgent need to find a treatment to inhibit virus replication and to control the progression of the disease. Essential biometal zinc has generated a lot of excitement as one of the promising candidates to reduce the severity of COVID-19 infection. Several published observations outlined in the review are the reasons why there is a global enthusiasm that zinc therapy could be a possible therapeutic option. However, the biggest challenge in realising the therapeutic value of zinc is lack of optimal treatment modalities such as dose, duration of zinc supplementation and the mode of delivery.In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanism that hinges upon the bioavailability of zinc. Finally, we propose that intravenous zinc could circumvent the confounding factors affecting the bioavailability of zinc and allow zinc to achieve its therapeutic potential. If successful, due to advantages such as lack of toxicity, low cost and ease of availability, intravenous zinc could be rapidly implemented clinically.

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“…mRNA sequencing studies revealed that ACE2, TMPRSS, Cathepsin genes are present in kidney cells that facilitate the entry and infection of SARS-CoV-2 causing various kidney injuries [ 98 ]. Chronic kidney injuries are one of the strongest risk factors for COVID-19 related death [ 99 , 100 ]. In the cohort study consisting post-mortem report of 63 patients, out of this SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 60% of the patients with kidney injuries.…”

Section: Cellular Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief molecular insight of COVID-19: epidemiology, clinical manifestation, molecular mechanism, cellular tropism and immuno-pathogenesis

et al. 2021

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In December 2019, the emergence and expansion of novel and infectious respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China caused an unprecedented threat to the public health and became a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive sense and single stranded RNA virus belonging to genera betacoronavirus, of Coronaviridae family. The viral genome sequencing studies revealed 75–80% similarity with SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lower respiratory system and may progress to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Apart from life-threatening situations and burden on the global healthcare system, the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed several challenges on the worldwide economics and livelihood. The novel pathogen is highly virulent, rapidly mutating and has a tendency to cross the species boundaries such as from bats to humans through the evolution and natural selection from intermediate host. In this review we tried to summarize the overall picture of SARS-CoV-2 including origin/ emergence, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genome organization, comparative analysis with other CoVs, infection and replication mechanism along with cellular tropism and immunopathogenesis which will provide a brief panoramic view about the virus and disease.

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COVID-19 nephropathy: probable mechanisms of kidney failure

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy for COVID‐19: Challenges and opportunities

A brief molecular insight of COVID-19: epidemiology, clinical manifestation, molecular mechanism, cellular tropism and immuno-pathogenesis

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