Covid-19, out-of-pocket medical expenses and consumption

Leightner, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1108/jfep-04-2020-0087

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The findings of this study and previous studies indicate that COVID-19 disease has been associated with financial pressures imposed on patients because of hospitalization and the payment of a part of the treatment costs in the form of OOP. In addition to the need to pay for treatment, COVID-19 seems to have imposed financial pressure on patients by depriving them of some sources of income [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket payments for treatment of COVID-19 in Iran

Yusefi

Mehralian

Khodamoradi³

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Introduction Out-of-pocket (OOP) is among the payment methods in Iran’s health system. The present study aimed to examine the OOP treatment costs for patients with COVID-19 in Iran. Methods A descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. In this study, the cost records of 550 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a referral center of COVID-19 were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS software version 23 at p = 0.05. Results The total direct costs were 1,037,992.15 US $. Moreover, the shares of patients (OOP), basic insurance, government subsidy, supplementary insurance, discounts, and out-of-government subsidy in the total direct costs were US $ 92,231.21, 746,932.99 US $, 155,127.08 US $, 39,690.25 US $ and 4010.61 US $, respectively. In addition, the results confirmed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the patients’ OOP payments and the length of stay. It also found that the patients’ OOP payments are subject to the type of insurance program and discharge method. Conclusion According to the results, 8.89% of the total direct costs were directly paid out of the patients’ pockets. The research findings confirm the urgent need to make decisions and implement effective interventions for COVID-19 disease by controlling risk factors and exploiting other countries’ successful experiences and international organizations’ recommendations to decrease the prevalence of the infected and consequently reduce the financial pressure of the disease on patients by approving the expansion of the insurance organizations’ role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket payments for treatment of COVID-19 in Iran

Yusefi

Mehralian

Khodamoradi³

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have examined the effect of COVID-19 among different socioeconomic and demographic segments such as women (Agarwal, 2021;Deshpande, 2022), migrant households (Rajan et al, 2021), remittance dependent households (Gupta et al, 2021), the informal sector (Kesar et al, 2021) and low-income households (Leightner, 2021, Thomas et al, 2022. However, none of these studies have considered the role of income shocks and mediating roles of psychometric variables such as financial and psychological resilience (PR) on FWB.…”

Section: Income Shock and Financialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2021), the informal sector (Kesar et al. , 2021) and low-income households (Leightner, 2021, Thomas et al. , 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income shock and financial well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: financial resilience and psychological resilience as mediators

Kulshreshtha,

Raju,

Muktineni

et al. 2023

IJBM

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between income shock suffered during the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent financial well-being (FWB) of Indian adults, mediated by financial resilience (FR) and psychological resilience (PR).Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a conceptual model for the relationship between income shock and FWB, with FR and PR as mediator variables. The authors consider four dimensions of financial resilience: economic resources, financial inclusion, financial knowledge and social capital. This study uses a unidimensional scale for PR. Data were collected from 370 respondents from 11 cities across India. Structural equation models were built to test the proposed hypotheses.Findings Income shock was negatively associated with FWB. Estimated path coefficients for FR and PR were statistically significant and confirmed a mediating role. Among the four dimensions of financial resilience, only economic resources were positively associated with FWB. The mediation relation between economic resources and FWB was larger than PR.Research limitations/implications Since convenience sampling was used to collect data, the results of this study are indicative but not generalizable.Social implications For individuals who suffered income shocks during the pandemic, adequate economic resources are crucial for FWB. Governmental disbursements, personal savings and medical or life insurance could provide an adequate safety net.Originality/value There are no extant studies that examine the association between income shocks and FWB in the pandemic, and this study contributes to the literature.

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Managing tourism and hospitality industry during pandemic: analysis of challenges and strategies for survival

Gupta,

Kushwaha,

Badhera

et al. 2024

BIJ

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PurposeThis study aims to explore the challenges faced by the tourism and hospitality industry following the COVID-19 pandemic and to propose effective strategies for recovery and resilience of this sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study analysed the challenges encountered by the tourism and hospitality industry post-pandemic and identified key strategies for overcoming these challenges. The study utilised the modified Delphi method to finalise the challenges and employed the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to rank these challenges. Additionally, solution strategies are ranked using the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method.FindingsThe study identified significant challenges faced by the tourism and hospitality industry, highlighting the lack of health and hygiene facilities as the foremost concern, followed by increased operational costs. Moreover, it revealed that attracting millennial travellers emerged as the top priority strategy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Originality/valueThis research contributes to understanding the challenges faced by the tourism and hospitality industry in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers valuable insights into practical strategies for recovery. The findings provide beneficial recommendations for policymakers aiming to revive and support these industries.

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Covid-19, out-of-pocket medical expenses and consumption

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Out-of-pocket payments for treatment of COVID-19 in Iran

Out-of-pocket payments for treatment of COVID-19 in Iran

Income shock and financial well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: financial resilience and psychological resilience as mediators

Managing tourism and hospitality industry during pandemic: analysis of challenges and strategies for survival

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