COVID-19 Outbreak, Senegal, 2020

Dia, Ndongo; Lakh, Ndeye Aïssatou; Diagne, Moussa Moïse; Mbaye, Khardiata Diallo; Taieb, Fabien; Fall, N.; Barry, Mamadou Alioune; Kà, Daye; Fall, Amary; Diallo, Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse; Faye, Oumar; Jallow, Mamadou Malado; Dieng, Idrissa; Ndiaye, Mamadou; Diop, Mamadou; Bousso, Abdoulaye; Loucoubar, Cheikh; Ndiaye, Marie Khemesse Ngom; Peyreffite, Christophe; Fortes, Louise; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Faye, Ousmane; Seydi, Moussa

doi:10.3201/eid2611.202615

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Several studies have described that clade 20A strains were imported to sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Senegal and Gambia, mostly by French travelers during phase 1 [ 8 ] , [ 9 ] , [ 10 ]. We assume that the ancestors of Marseille-1 variants originated in Senegal or Gambia, through progressive accumulation of mutations by clade 20A strains, and that their offspring were then brought to Maghreb and imported to Marseille by travelers as well as ferry sailors from Algeria and Tunisia ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction into the Marseille geographical area of a mild SARS-CoV-2 variant originating from sub-Saharan Africa: An investigational study

Colson

Levasseur

Fénollar

et al. 2021

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction into the Marseille geographical area of a mild SARS-CoV-2 variant originating from sub-Saharan Africa: An investigational study

Colson

Levasseur

Fénollar

et al. 2021

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…The survey was launched on June 5, 2020 and was closed on June 20, 2020. The first documented case of COVID-19 in Senegal was in March 2020 ( Dia et al 2020 ; Worldometer, 2020 ). During the survey period, the incidence of COVID-19 was increasing in Senegal (from 4155 to 5783 confirmed cases) though the average rate of daily increase was relatively low at 2.37% ( https://covid19.who.int/region/afro/country/sn ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder farmer perceptions about the impact of COVID-19 on agriculture and livelihoods in Senegal

Middendorf

Faye²,

Middendorf

et al. 2021

Agricultural Systems

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CONTEXT The global COVID-19 pandemic has produced a variety of unanticipated shocks to farming and socio-economic systems around the world. In case of Senegal, the country was already facing number of challenges at the inception of the pandemic, including high rates of poverty, prevalence of food insecurity, combined with other biophysical and socioeconomic challenges faced generally in Sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE To understand farmer perceptions of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural systems and social well-being of smallholder farmers in Senegal. Particular attention was given to potential vulnerabilities and resilience in the targeted farming systems. METHODS A survey was developed to better understand smallholder farmer perceptions regarding the anticipated impacts of COVID-19 on their agriculture practices and social well-being. The survey was administered (between June 5 and June 20) with smallholder farmers ( n = 872) in 14 regions covering all agroecological zones. Variables of interest included perceptions of potential impact on farming systems, agricultural productivity, communities, economics, markets, labor, gendered division of labor, food security, and community well-being. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Across the three farming systems examined (cropping, livestock, and horticulture) significant majorities expressed concerns related to access to inputs, ability to plant (cropping, horticulture), reduction of yields (cropping, horticulture), ability to feed livestock, ability to sell livestock, and the ability to hire labor (horticulture). The majority of respondents also expressed concern that COVID-19 would make it more difficult to get enough food on a regular basis for their household (82.5%); that the markets where they purchase food will either be closed or significantly disrupted (79.5%); that the price of food would increase (73.5%); and the market where they sell their produce/livestock will be either closed or significantly disrupted (73.2%). SIGNIFICANCE Anticipated impacts of COVID-19 on agriculture will be felt on both the biophysical aspects such as production and access to inputs and socioeconomic aspects such as access to labor, markets, or rapid shifts in demand. Results support the need to use farming systems approach to gather perceived and actual impacts of COVID-19 and warrants a more in-depth examination of agronomic and biophysical issues as well as the impact on the livelihoods and social well-being of families at community and household levels. Further examination will help identify the characteristics that strengthen smallholder farming systems resilience to adjust to anticipated and unanticipated shocks, such as COVID-19, to decrease the negative impacts and increase the rate of recovery.

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“…On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic due to its worldwide expansion [5,6]. Africa experienced its first case of COVID-19 in Egypt, 7 weeks after the initial outbreak [7], and Nigeria was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to report a case of COVID-19 on February 2020 [8]. It was on March 2, 2020 that the Senegalese health authorities confirmed their first case of COVID-19, which originated from France [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Africa experienced its first case of COVID-19 in Egypt, 7 weeks after the initial outbreak [7], and Nigeria was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to report a case of COVID-19 on February 2020 [8]. It was on March 2, 2020 that the Senegalese health authorities confirmed their first case of COVID-19, which originated from France [8]. Since then, there has been a rapid increase in cases with a lull period between October and November 2020 and a surge since December 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 in an Epidemic Treatment Center at Dakar

Diop¹,

Samba²,

Moustapha³

et al. 2021

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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Background: Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health issue due to a new coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). It is a very contagious infectious disease with often benign symptoms. However, some patients present with severe clinical signs and are more at risk to die. The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with severe COVID-19 in an Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) at Dakar, Senegal. Method:We conducted a prospective descriptive analytical study dealing with COVID-19 patients treated in the ETC at the Military Principal Hospital of Dakar, from April 4, 2020 to November 2, 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the factors associated with severe COVID-19, which was defined as cases with oxygen saturation < 90% on room air.Results: During the study period, 238 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The mean age was 53 ± 18 years and male to female ratio was 1.38. There were six different nationalities, including 226 Senegalese (95%). Of those included, 17 (7.1%) were smokers and 126 (52.9%) had at least one comorbidity. These comorbidities included high blood pressure in 64 (26.9%), diabetes mellitus in 59 (24.8%), asthma in 16 (6.7%), heart disease in 8 (3.4%), obesity 5 (2.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2 (0.8%), and chronic kidney disease in 2 (0.8%). Main symptoms that patients presented were fatigue in 141 (59.2%), cough in 138 (58%), fever in 133 (55.9%), headaches in 123 (51.7%), myalgia in 110 (46.2%), dyspnea in 73 (30.7%), anosmia in 45 (18.9%), ageusia in 43 (18%), sore throat in 38 (16%) and nasal congestion in 25 (10.5%). The mean oxygen saturation on room air was 96% ± 6%. Patients with severe COVID-19 represented 35 (14.7%). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were administered to 177 (74.4%) patients. The mean hospital days was 12 ± 5 days. We recorded 10 deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 4.2%. After a multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with severe COVID-19 were: advanced age (OR = 1.05; CI 95% [1.01-1.08]), heart disease (OR=7.7; CI 95% [1.1-53.4]), the delay of diagnosis (OR=1.08; CI 95% [1.01-1.16]), and community origin of ). Conclusion:The identification of factors associated with severe forms of COVID-19 may help better manage highrisk patients and reduce their mortality.

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COVID-19 Outbreak, Senegal, 2020

Abstract: The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 began later in Africa than in Asia and Europe. Senegal confirmed its first case of coronavirus disease on March 2, 2020. By March 4, a total of 4 cases had been confirmed, all in patients who traveled from Europe.

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Introduction into the Marseille geographical area of a mild SARS-CoV-2 variant originating from sub-Saharan Africa: An investigational study

Introduction into the Marseille geographical area of a mild SARS-CoV-2 variant originating from sub-Saharan Africa: An investigational study

Smallholder farmer perceptions about the impact of COVID-19 on agriculture and livelihoods in Senegal

Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 in an Epidemic Treatment Center at Dakar

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