COVID-19: Oxidative Preconditioning as a Potential Therapeutic Approach

Awogbindin

et al. 2022

AJBPS

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family, remains a pandemic and of public health concern with ascending morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It continues to affect millions of people despite tremendous social preventive measures and novel vaccines developed recently. The main pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated levels of cytokine release causing “cytokine storm,” an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines leading to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Subsequent cascade of events causes pneumonia and respiratory failure, touted as a major contributor to COVID-19-associated fatality rates. Therefore, effective therapeutic strategy should center on suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and modulation of immune response. However, certain drugs developed as antivirals and/or immunomodulators have not been very effective against the disease. Recent investigations involving epidemiological and scientific findings show that plant-based phytochemicals with robust anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties can prevent and manage COVID-19. Garcinia kola and its bioflavonoid-derived phytochemical known as kolaviron have been shown to be relevant traditionally and experimentally in the management and treatment of diseases including viral infection. The emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of kolaviron and the context of the same for SARS-CoV-2 infections suggests that the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of Kolaviron can have value added benchmark to anchor the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods as adjuncts for COVID-19 management.

Section: Kolaviron As Anti-inflammatory Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola bioflavonoid in inflammation associated COVID-19 infection

Awogbindin

et al. 2022

AJBPS

“…As seen with other life-threatening conditions associated with acute viral infections, they might be correlated with a reduction in antioxidant defense, as well as neutrophil invasion and release of ROS. During host-virus interactions of SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus subverts the cellular antioxidant function to its advantage to maintain an efficient replication cycle [17]. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, mitochondrial ROS are released, which in turn lead to lysosomal membrane permeabilization.…”

Section: Ros In the Pathophysiology Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Zinc, Glutathione, and Polyphenols as Antioxidants in the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus triggering the disease COVID-19, has a catastrophic health and socioeconomic impact at a global scale. Three key factors contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19: excessive inflammation, immune system depression/inhibition, and a set of proinflammatory cytokines. Common to these factors, a central function of oxidative stress has been highlighted. A diversity of clinical trials focused predominantly on antioxidants are being implemented as potential therapies for COVID-19. In this study, we look at the role of zinc, glutathione, and polyphenols, as key antioxidants of possible medicinal or nutritional significance, and examine their role in the antiviral immune response induced by SARS-Cov-2. An unresolved question is why some people experience chronic COVID and others do not. Understanding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the role of defective immune responses to disease development, would be essential to recognize the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the risk factors that affect the harmful consequences of the disease, and the rational design of successful therapies and vaccinations. We expect that our research will provide a novel perspective that contributes to the design of clinical or nutritional targets for the prevention of this pandemic.

“…ROS play an essential role in viral infections by inducing innate immune responses due to the opening of inter-endothelial junctions that allow the migration of inflammatory cells through the endothelial barrier [ 166 , 167 ]. The recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of infection causes excessive ROS production, which is considered essential for the genesis and progression of inflammatory diseases [ 168 , 169 ]. Furthermore, the increase in ROS levels has been shown to stimulate the severity of viral infections due to their participation in inflammatory processes and the release and dissemination of virions [ 147 ].…”

Section: Role Of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System In Patients With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Antioxidants for the Neuro-Therapeutic Management of COVID-19

et al. 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergent infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths throughout the world. COVID-19 infection’s main symptoms are fever, cough, fatigue, and neurological manifestations such as headache, myalgias, anosmia, ageusia, impaired consciousness, seizures, and even neuromuscular junctions’ disorders. In addition, it is known that this disease causes a series of systemic complications such as adverse respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, and liver dysfunction. Due to the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, damage in the central nervous system has been suggested as well as the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. It is known that CoV infections are associated with an inflammation process related to the imbalance of the antioxidant system; cellular changes caused by oxidative stress contribute to brain tissue damage. Although anti-COVID-19 vaccines are under development, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 and its clinical manifestations and complications; only supportive treatments with immunomodulators, anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, modulating drugs, statins, or nutritional supplements have been used. In the present work, we analyzed the potential of antioxidants as adjuvants for the treatment of COVID-19 and specifically their possible role in preventing or decreasing the neurological manifestations and neurological complications present in the disease.