Covid-19 pandemic effects and responses in the Maasai Mara conservancy

Abstract

Local comparisons of effects, responses and mitigations to the Covid-19 pandemic are of vital importance in building a sustainable tourism. This is particularly the case for conservancies in Africa which is largely dependent on international tourism. Qualitative interviews were carried out in the Kenya Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancies Association (MMWCA)with landowners, lodge managers and staff, tourism operators, community organisations and NGOs between January and May 2021. The MMWCA is an important case study as conservancies pay lease payments to more than 14,528 landowners through tourism revenues. The results show how partner conservancies took different paths in securing payments of leases and salaries by rotating staff, attracting international funding and by targeting domestic tourism. Meanwhile, landowners experimented with alternative economic activities such as cattle herding and diary production. The study shows the strength of MMWCA as a stakeholder partnership to proactively design measures including renegotiation of lease-payments, in soliciting external funding and in re-distributing funding. The positive role of domestic tourism is also stressed. The pandemic brought to the forefront discussions on equity and benefit sharing and on the sustainability of the model itself. Recommendations are given to strengthen possibilities for alternative incomes sources and for a diversification of strategies of the MMWCA partners, including the need to stimulate domestic tourism as a parallel source of income. These recommendations are also relevant to conservation areas across the African continent.

Dynamic Capabilities and Firm Performance in Travel Agencies and Tour Operators in Mombasa County, Kenya

“…With the COVID-19 crisis, the performance of tour operators and travel agents has been on the decline in the recent past (Melubo, 2023). Numerous tour operators and travel agents struggled to survive (Chakrabarti & Ekblom, 2023), while some were pushed toward bankruptcy (Chau et al, 2022;González-Torres et al, 2021). Interestingly, numerous tourism companies went bankrupt or had been struggling to survive, yet others have adapted their strategy and seized the crisis to transform their business for the postpandemic future (Johann, 2022).…”

“…However, the performance of tour operators and travel agents has been on the decline in the recent past (Melubo, 2023). With the COVID-19 crisis, numerous tour operators and travel agents struggled to survive (Chakrabarti & Ekblom, 2023), while some were pushed toward bankruptcy (Chau et al, 2022;González-Torres et al, 2021).…”