COVID-19 pandemic-related posttraumatic growth in a small cohort of university students: A 1-year longitudinal study

Hallen, Ruth Van der; Godor, Brian P.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114541

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, findings are limited to small samples and/or one point of measurement, since most studies have examined PTG within the first few weeks or months from the onset of the pandemic (e.g., Frazier et al, 2001; Kalaitzaki, 2021). Measuring PTG longitudinally or at least repeatedly is important since PTG is a dynamic process and is assumed to develop over a period of time (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004; Van der Hallen & Godor, 2022; Zoellner & Maercker, 2006) with varied prevalence rates across different timepoints (Asmundson et al, 2021; Kalaitzaki et al, 2020, 2022; Na et al, 2021). The few available longitudinal studies have been inconclusive about the time that PTG needs to develop, some suggesting it may initiate as early as 2 weeks after trauma and rise steadily over time (Frazier et al, 2001), and other studies suggesting stable PTG levels during the first months and rise over a period of 1.5–2 years (Danhauer et al, 2015; Manne et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Social support refers to the self-perceived care and support people receive from family, friends, and the community and it has been considered as a key environmental resource for PTG (Brooks et al, 2019). Although the pandemic research has repeatedly shown the negative association of social support with distress (McLean et al, 2022; Ortiz-Calvo et al, 2022), less is known about its relationship with PTG (Kalaitzaki, Tsouvelas, et al, 2022; Van der Hallen & Godor, 2022). In this article, social support was examined as an available social/contextual resource and not as a coping strategy (i.e., actively seeking support).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since PTSS has been closely associated with PTG, levels of PTSS and perceived stress were also compared between the two lockdowns. We hypothesized that ( 1 ) increased levels of PTG would be expected during the second lockdown compared to the first one (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004; Van der Hallen & Godor, 2022); (2) moderate levels of perceived stress and/or PTSS would predict PTG during both lockdowns (Tomaszek & Muchacka-Cymerman, 2020); (3) adaptive coping strategies such as positive reframing and all types of perceived (available) social support would predict PTG during both lockdowns (Kalaitzaki, Tsouvelas, et al, 2022); (4) stress indicators (PTSS/perceived stress) would mediate the relationship between positive reframing and PTG.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perceived posttraumatic growth and its psychosocial predictors during two consecutive COVID-19 lockdowns.

Kalaitzaki¹,

Tsouvelas²,

Tamiolaki³

2023

International Journal of Stress Management

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This study seeks to expand previous research by examining (a) the prevalence rates of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its potential predictors (posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], perceived stress, adaptive coping strategies, social support) during the first and second lockdown in the general population of Greece, and (b) the mediating role of the stress indicators (PTSS/perceived stress) in the relationship between positive reframing and PTG. A sample of 1,361 participants (1.009 in the first lockdown and 352 in the second lockdown) completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). Moderate levels of PTG were found during both lockdowns. PTG did not significantly increase during the second lockdown. PTG was associated with PTSS during the first lockdown and with perceived stress during the second one; these two stress indicators partially mediated the positive reframing—PTG relationship in the first and second lockdown, respectively. Both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies predicted PTG during the first lockdown, whereas only adaptive coping strategies predicted PTG during the second lockdown. Perceived social support, emotional during the first lockdown and instrumental during the second one, predicted PTG during the two lockdowns, respectively. The results of this study may enhance our understanding of PTG and its predictor to inform the design of interventions moving beyond growth cognitions into growth actions.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Perceived posttraumatic growth and its psychosocial predictors during two consecutive COVID-19 lockdowns.

Kalaitzaki¹,

Tsouvelas²,

Tamiolaki³

2023

International Journal of Stress Management

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“…Our study found relevant PTG during the first 6 months after the diagnosis, aligned with another study ( Husson et al, 2017 ) which found PTG at 6-month follow-up in a group of adolescents and young adults affected by cancer. Another study conducted by Van der Hallen and Godor (2022) focalized the attention on the PTG subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, which determined an increase of changes in terms of practical and emotional skills, such as video conferencing, smart working (PTGI; New Possibilities), promoting the ability to connect with others (PTGI; Relating to Others), re-evaluation of one’s abilities to do this (PTGI; Personal Strength) and increasing the level of gratitude for one’s life in the context of a global pandemic (PTGI; Appreciation of Life).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic growth in oncological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Lafuenti,

Dinapoli,

Mastrilli

et al. 2023

Health Psychology Report

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BackgroundPost-traumatic growth (PTG) is defined as “positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with high-ly challenging life circumstances”. Diagnosis of cancer leads to many psychological challenges. The recent pandemic forced oncological patients to face other multiple stressors. Resilience is a target of interest for PTG. The aim of this study is to analyze relationships between cancer trauma, COVID-19 pandemic stress, PTG and resilience over time.Participants and procedureOne hundred forty-six patients (124 females, 22 males) in active oncological treatment were enrolled from September 2020: 45.2% (n = 66) diagnosed with gynecological cancer, 23.3% (n = 34) with breast cancer, 15.1% (n = 22) with lung cancer, 16.5% (n = 24) with other cancers. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on oncological patients evaluated at: diag-nosis (T0), 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2) by means of the following self-administered tests: Distress Thermometer (DT), Hospi-tal Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).ResultsDT decreased over time (T0 vs. T2, p < .001). HADS decreased from T0 to T2 (p < .001). The PTG subscales regarding new possibilities and appreciating life improved comparing T0 vs. T2 (p = .029; p = .013), as well as the total index of PTG (p = .027). The IES avoidance subscale score decreased over time (T0 vs. T1, p = .035).ConclusionsFor some patients, the cancer experience is characterized not only by psychological distress but also by the presence and growth of positive aspects, such as the tendency to positively reconsider the value and importance of life, health and social relationships.

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“…Studies assessing PTSD following the Covid-19 pandemic have generally been cross-sectional or have restricted the longitudinal observation period to under a year 24 . Relatively few longitudinal studies assessed PTSD one year or longer after the start of the pandemic or assessed the long term association between exposure to pandemic-related stressors and PTSD 25 – 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults

Abdalla,

Ettman,

Rosenberg

et al. 2024

npj Mental Health Res

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Substantial literature documents the impact of mass traumatic events on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations. However, the trajectory of PTSD in the US population during the pandemic and the association between assets, Covid-19 related stressors, and PTSD over time remains unclear. The Covid-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being (CLIMB) is a nationally representative, longitudinal panel of US adults in Spring 2020 (N = 1270), 2021 (N = 1182), and 2022 (N = 1091). Using the four-item PC-PTSD-4, we assessed the prevalence of probable PTSD in the US population over three years. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and logistic regression at each wave, we estimated associations of demographics, assets, and stressors with probable PTSD. Here we report that the overall prevalence of PTSD decreases from 22.2% in 2020 to 16.8% in 2022 (p = 0.02). Persons with household incomes below $20,000 report higher prevalence of probable PTSD compared to other income groups. The GEE model shows higher odds of probable PTSD among persons with household incomes below $20,000 (OR = 2.17 (95%CI: 1.35,3.50)) relative to $75,000 or more; and high stressor scores (OR = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.72,3.15)) compared to low stressor scores. High stressor scores are associated with higher odds of probable PTSD in 2020 (OR = 2.69 (95%CI: 1.56,4.66)), 2021 (OR = 4.58 (95%CI: 2.52,8.30)), and 2022 (OR = 3.89 (95%CI: 2.05,7.38)) compared to low stressor scores. This analysis highlights the pandemic’s prolonged influence on population mental health, particularly among persons with fewer economic assets and those experiencing more pandemic-related stressors. Reducing mental health disparities requires interventions to address inequities.

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COVID-19 pandemic-related posttraumatic growth in a small cohort of university students: A 1-year longitudinal study

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Perceived posttraumatic growth and its psychosocial predictors during two consecutive COVID-19 lockdowns.

Perceived posttraumatic growth and its psychosocial predictors during two consecutive COVID-19 lockdowns.

Post-traumatic growth in oncological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Post-traumatic stress disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults

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