COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions Affecting Older Adults’ Social Interactions and Communication

Abstract

Objectives Due to increased risk of social isolation caused by COVID-19, this study was conducted to understand changes in health behaviors among older adults, particularly concerning means of social interaction. Methods Community dwelling adults ages 60 and older completed qualitative individual interviews via Zoom and a 24 item online survey, the Questionnaire for Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Older Adults. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results A total of 23 participants completed interviews and 25 completed online surveys. Participants were mainly female (72%), white (96%), with a mean age of 71.96 years. Nineteen (76%) participants were very concerned by the pandemic, and only one participant was not at all concerned. Participants frequently reported more interactions with their immediate family. Only five (20%) reported communicating with close friends and family less often than before the pandemic began. Seven (28%) reported communicating with friends and family more often than before and about half (52%) reported that their frequency of communication was “about the same” as pre-pandemic. Twenty-one (84%) participants communicated with others daily or at least several times per week. However, participants reported less face-to-face interaction and increased use of technology, such as virtual happy hours. All participants stayed in touch with others by phone calls (100%). Other often used means of communication were texting (92%), video calls (68%), email (68%), social media (52%), and postal mail (48%). Participants also reported some social gatherings with individuals bringing their own food and social distancing maintained. Despite this, 16 participants (64%) reported feeling isolated from others sometimes or often. Conclusions Although many older adults have adjusted their usual behaviors to stay in contact with others during the pandemic, this study found that most still felt isolated. Long-term feelings of isolation and lack of social support may compromise nutrition for this population. Therefore, it is crucial that nutrition professionals incorporate aspects of social support when working with these individuals. Funding Sources Julie O'Sullivan Maillet Research Grant Award funded by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF).

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“…Misalnya dari sudut sosial dan budaya di Indonesia yang sangatkuat akan interaksi sosial, juga mengalami gangguan dengan pemberlakukan stay at home & social distancing, Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) yang membuat interaksi sosial sangat terbatas (Zakiyah & Kusumawardani, 2021). Dengan adanya pembatasan interaksi social, masyarakat didorong untuk mengadopsi tindakan kesehatan pribadi seperti isolasi mandiri (Farooq, Laato, & Islam, 2020) Pembatasan interaksi social dengan cara menjaga jarak, mengurangi mobilitas dan menghindari kerumunan yang dilakukan baik secara sukarela maupun paksaan oleh pemerintah, menyebabkan gangguan psikologis (Shahan, Jung, Palmer, & Ellis, 2021), berupa stress yang berwujuddalam bentuk ketakutan, kegelisahan, dan kecemasan. Gangguan cemas muncul karena adanyasituasi yang mengancam yang merupakan reaksi normal dari stress.…”