COVID-19 perceived stigma among survivors: A cross-sectional study of prevalence and predictors

Alchawa, Mohamad; Naja, Sarah; Ali, Khaled M.; Kehyayan, Vahe; Haddad, Peter M.; Bougmiza, Iheb

doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.08.004

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Many studies have shown the pervasiveness of the stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors. For example, in Qatar, more than a quarter of COVID-19 survivors reported moderate to high levels of stigma ( 13 ). In another study, discrimination in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, among COVID-19 survivor participants reached 43.3% ( N = 140) ( 27 ).…”

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current studies on the perception of stigma in COVID-19 survivors have found the following characteristics to correlate with stigma: (1) Age: Older COVID-19 survivors (≥60 years) experience higher social discrimination than COVID-19 survivors in other age groups ( 14 ). (2) Ethnicity: Ethnicity is one of the factors affecting the perceived stigma of COVID-19 survivors, with non-Arabs having a much higher perception of stigma than Arabs in Qatar ( 13 ). (3) Social support: Social support is a powerful weapon against stigma; thus, groups such as solitary populations and migrant workers have a higher risk of stigma and higher levels of COVID-19-related stigma perception ( 13 ).…”

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Ethnicity: Ethnicity is one of the factors affecting the perceived stigma of COVID-19 survivors, with non-Arabs having a much higher perception of stigma than Arabs in Qatar ( 13 ). (3) Social support: Social support is a powerful weapon against stigma; thus, groups such as solitary populations and migrant workers have a higher risk of stigma and higher levels of COVID-19-related stigma perception ( 13 ). (4) Occupation: It has been shown that manual workers have higher levels of perceived stigma than those practicing professional occupations ( 13 ).…”

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Social support: Social support is a powerful weapon against stigma; thus, groups such as solitary populations and migrant workers have a higher risk of stigma and higher levels of COVID-19-related stigma perception ( 13 ). (4) Occupation: It has been shown that manual workers have higher levels of perceived stigma than those practicing professional occupations ( 13 ). However, health-care workers are a special case: COVID-19 survivor nurses have reportedly endured a higher degree of stigma ( 34 ).…”

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors has been captured in many studies around the world. Alchawa et al ( 13 ) found that individuals with some characteristics, such as male manual workers and those with low education levels, had a higher perception of stigmatization when they surveyed 404 COVID-19 survivors from 41 countries. Latha et al ( 14 ) found that among 150 COVID-19 survivors interviewed in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, 29.3% faced social discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

Lin

Wang

2023

Front. Public Health

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Stigma refers to devalued stereotypes that create barriers for stigmatized individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the stigmatization of survivors worsened existing inequalities and triggered mass hysteria. The paper delves into the stigmatization experienced by COVID-19 survivors and the role of Marxist criticism in analyzing this issue. The main findings from the empiricist tradition approach suggest that the perception of COVID-19 stigma is higher among those who are older, belong to ethnic minorities, lack social support, have manual occupations, and possess lower levels of education. The proposed destigmatization pathways include psychological counseling services, social support, and health education. Employing a Marxist perspective can aid in illuminating how economic practices and material conditions influence prevalent ideologies related to stigma. The stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors may be perceived as a consequence of social power inequality, although the current emphasis on individual characteristics as triggers for stigma may neglect the wider systemic forces in operation. Thus, it’s crucial to establish improved social care policies to combat exploitation and oppression due to power imbalances. The ultimate objective of such an examination is to identify effective approaches to tackle and eradicate stigma regarding health-related concerns. An interdisciplinary approach integrating a pluralistic perspective would benefit investigating how social systems and individual attributes contribute to the exacerbation of social inequality and stigmatization.

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Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Study On Stigmatization Of Covid-19 Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

Lin

Wang

2023

Front. Public Health

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Difference in the risk of discrimination on psychological distress experienced by early wave infected and late wave infected COVID-19 survivors in Japan

Hazumi,

Kataoka,

Usuda

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The psychological distress experienced by coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) survivors after recovery from the illness is amplified by discrimination endured because of their infection status. However, the difference in the risk of facing discrimination and risk of experiencing psychological distress in the early and late waves of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the risk of facing discrimination because of infection status was lower in the early or late waves and whether risk of discrimination on psychological distress was more serious in later, rather than earlier waves. We conducted two online surveys to collect data from survivors divided into two groups. The participants with scores of five or more on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were identified as having experienced psychological distress. The participants were identified as having experienced discrimination based on infection status if they had endured being blamed, some type of discrimination, or having themselves or their families maligned. The timing of infection was split into infected during early waves of the pandemic for 2021 participants and infected during later waves of the pandemic for 2022 participants. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using experiences of discrimination as criteria and timing of infection as predictors. Modified Poisson regression analyses were further performed using the presence of psychological distress as a criteria and experiences of discrimination and timing of infection as the criteria, in addition to interaction effect of these es. The data of 6010 participants who were infected in early waves and 5344 participants who were infected in later waves were analyzed. The risks of being blamed, some forms of discrimination, and participants and their families being maligned were significantly lower in the group who were infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves. Experiences of discrimination were highly associated with psychological distress in those infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves, while only being blamed showed a significant association. Risk of discrimination was found to be lower in those infected in later waves, whereas risk of discrimination on psychological distress was shown to be more serious in those infected in later waves. Therefore, we submit that it is more important to support COVID-19 survivors who face discrimination, than it is to attempt to decrease the current discriminatory climate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Neuropsychiatric Outcomes and Sleep Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Mechanisms

Karkala,

Tzinas,

Kotoulas

et al. 2023

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The ongoing global health crisis due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted all aspects of life. While the majority of early research following coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) has focused on the physiological effects of the virus, a substantial body of subsequent studies has shown that the psychological burden of the infection is also considerable. Patients, even without mental illness history, were at an increased susceptibility to developing mental health and sleep disturbances during or after COVID-19 infection. Viral neurotropism and inflammatory storm damaging the blood-brain barrier have been proposed as possible mechanisms for mental health manifestations, along with stressful psychological factors and indirect consequences asthrombosis and hypoxia. The virus has been found to infect peripheral olfactory neurons and exploit axonal migration pathways, exhibiting metabolic changes in astrocytes, detrimental to fueling neurons and building neurotransmitters. Patients with COVID-19 present dysregulated and overactive immune responses resulting in impaired neuronal function and viability, adversely affecting sleep and emotion regulation. Additionally, several risk factors have been associated with the neuropsychiatric sequelae of the infection, such as female sex, age, preexisting neuropathologies, severity of initial disease and sociological status. This review aimed to provide an overview of mental health symptoms and sleep disturbances developed during COVID 19 and to analyze the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of psychological distress and sleep dysfunction.

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COVID-19 perceived stigma among survivors: A cross-sectional study of prevalence and predictors

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

Difference in the risk of discrimination on psychological distress experienced by early wave infected and late wave infected COVID-19 survivors in Japan

Neuropsychiatric Outcomes and Sleep Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Mechanisms

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