Covid-19 Rates by Time since Vaccination during Delta Variant Predominance

Paz–Bailey, Gabriela; Sternberg, Maya; Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Hoots, Brooke; Amin, Avnika B.; Johnson, Amelia G.; Barbeau, Bree; Bayoumi, Nagla S.; Bertolino, Daniel; Boulton, Ralph; Brown, Catherine; Busen, Katherine; Cima, Maaike; Drenzek, Cherie; Gent, Ashley; Haney, Gillian; Hicks, Liam; Hook, Sarah; Jara, Amanda; Jones, Amanda; Kamal-Ahmed, Ishrat; Kangas, Sarah; Kanishka, FNU; Khan, Saadiah I.; Kirkendall, Samantha K.; Kocharian, Anna; Lyons, B. Casey; Lauro, Priscilla; McCormick, Donald B.; McMullen, Chelsea; Milroy, Lauren; Reese, Heather; Sell, Jessica; Sierocki, Allison; Smith, E O; Sosin, Daniel M.; Stanislawski, Emma; Strand, Kyle; Troelstrup, Thomas; Turner, Kathryn; Vest, Hailey; Warner, Sydni; Wiedeman, Caleb; Silk, Benjamin J.; Scobie, Heather M.

doi:10.1056/evidoa2100057

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Over the course of the pandemic, new treatments, including anti-viral agents, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have been developed to reduce rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Awareness of patients' demographic and clinical comorbidities throughout the pandemic have also been useful in clinical management and limiting the impact on healthcare systems [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of variants and vaccination on the mortality and resource utilization of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background COVID-19 outcomes among hospitalized patients may have changed due to new variants, therapies and vaccine availability. We assessed outcomes of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 2020–February 2022. Methods Data were retrieved from electronic health medical records of adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a large community health system. Duration was split into March 2020–June 2021 (pre-Delta period), July–November 2021 (Delta period), and December 2021–February 2022 (Omicron period). Results Of included patients (n = 9582), 75% were admitted during pre-Delta, 9% during Delta, 16% during Omicron period. The COVID-positive inpatients were oldest during Omicron period but had lowest rates of COVID pneumonia and resource utilization (p < 0.0001); 46% were vaccinated during Delta and 61% during Omicron period (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, vaccination was associated with lower inpatient mortality (OR = 0.47 (0.34–0.65), p < 0.0001). The Omicron period was independently associated with lower risk of inpatient mortality (OR = 0.61 (0.45–0.82), p = 0.0010). Vaccination and Omicron period admission were also independently associated with lower healthcare resource utilization (p < 0.05). Magnitudes of associations varied between age groups with strongest protective effects seen in younger patients. Conclusion Outcomes of COVID-19 inpatients were evolving throughout the pandemic and were affected by changing demographics, virus variants, and vaccination. Key point In this observational study of almost 10,000 patients hospitalized from March 2020–February 2022 with COVID-19, age and having multiple comorbidities remained consistent risk factors for mortality regardless of the variant. Vaccination was high in our hospitalized patients. Vaccination conveyed less severe illness and was associated with lower inpatient mortality.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of variants and vaccination on the mortality and resource utilization of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous reports of COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and death rates by vaccination status † indicate that vaccine protection against infection, as well as serious COVID-19 illness for some groups, declined with the emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and waning of vaccine-induced immunity (1)(2)(3)(4). During August-November 2021, CDC recommended § additional primary COVID-19 vaccine doses among immunocompromised persons and booster doses among persons aged ≥18 years (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence — 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–December 25, 2021

Johnson¹,

Amin²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

Self Cite

310

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

† A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person occurred when SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected in a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after completing the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval or emergency use authorization. The COVID-19 case definition, including criteria to distinguish a new case from an existing case, is per the July 2021 update to the national standardized surveillance case definition and national notification for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (21-ID-01) (https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/ coronavirus-disease-2019-2021/). Fully vaccinated persons were those with a completed primary series of 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine or a single dose of the Janssen vaccine (https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html). A COVID-19 case in an unvaccinated person occurred when the person did not receive any FDAauthorized COVID-19 vaccine doses before the specimen collection date. Cases were excluded in partially vaccinated persons who received at least one FDAauthorized or approved vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series ≥14 days before collection of a respiratory specimen with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected. Ascertaining vaccination status for COVID-19 patients through active linkage of case surveillance and immunization information systems typically assumes that cases among persons who are unmatched to the registry are unvaccinated. This analysis represents the combined impact of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines, which had different clinical efficacies against confirmed infection. Information on different FDA-authorized and approved COVID-19 vaccine products, including clinical efficacy, is available online. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ vaccines/different-vaccines.html

show abstract

“…13,19,21,41,43 Nonetheless, our results showing no waning for Ad26.COV2.S hospitalizations and waning for mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, with more pronounced waning for BNT162b2 that was generally consistent with prior work. 13,20,21,41,42,44–46 ( Figure S8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of protection post-primary COVID-19 vaccination in the US: matched case-control study

Zheutlin

Ott

Sun

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Determine durability of protection by the three currently available COVID-19 vaccines in the United States (US) following primary vaccination against breakthrough infections, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Methods: Using claims and laboratory data covering 168 million lives, we conducted a matched case-control study with fully vaccinated individuals between January 1 and September 7, 2021. Odds ratios (OR) for developing outcomes in months two through six following full vaccination were estimated relative to the first month after full vaccination for each vaccine separately. Results: Evidence of waning protection against infections started in month 2 from vaccination for both BNT162b2 (OR [95% CI] in month 6+, 2.93 [2.72, 3.15]) and mRNA-1273 (OR [95% CI] in month 6+, 2.76 [2.51, 3.04]), and in month 4 for Ad26.COV2.S (OR [95% CI] in month 5+, 1.31 [1.18, 1.47]). Evidence of waning protection against hospitalization started in month 2 for BNT162b2 (OR [95% CI], 3.97 [3.26, 4.83] in month 6+) and in month 3 for mRNA-1273 (OR 95% CI, 1.66 [1.26, 2.19] in month 6+). There was no evidence of waning protection against hospitalization for Ad26.COV2.S (OR [95% CI], 1.25 [0.86, 1.80] in month 5+). No waning of protection was observed at any time for ICU admissions for all three vaccines. Conclusions: Following primary vaccination, all three vaccines showed strong and durable protection against ICU admissions. Ad26.COV2.S showed a more durable level of protection against breakthrough infections and hospitalizations in line with published evidence of its durable antibody and cellular immune response, although its Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) at baseline after a single-dose is lower than that for the two-dose mRNA vaccines. Additional studies are needed to understand durability following homologous or heterologous boosters.

show abstract

Covid-19 Rates by Time since Vaccination during Delta Variant Predominance

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The impact of variants and vaccination on the mortality and resource utilization of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

The impact of variants and vaccination on the mortality and resource utilization of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence — 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–December 25, 2021

Durability of protection post-primary COVID-19 vaccination in the US: matched case-control study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About