COVID-19 related Attitudes and Risk Perceptions across Urban, Rural, and Suburban Areas in the United States

Chauhan, Rishabh Singh; Silva, Denise Capasso da; Salon, Deborah; Shamshiripour, Ali; Rahimi, Ehsan; Sutradhar, Uttara; Khoeini, Sara; Mohammadian, Abolfazl; Derrible, Sybil; Pendyala, Ram M.

doi:10.32866/001c.23714

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, evidence showed that neighborhoods with low poverty not only had more health-promoting conditions before the pandemic but also tended to have more positive changes during the pandemic (Yang and Xiang, 2021). Also, rural residents were less concerned about the pandemic and less supportive of the government's pandemic control measures (Chauhan et al, 2021). To a larger spatial extension, various social norms and cultures may exist at both local and regional levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the emergence of the omicron variant may change people’s attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic

Yang

2022

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundThis study aims to examine people’s attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic before and after the emergence of the omicron variant.MethodsData were collected between November 15 and December 14, 2021, and three attitudes were included, namely, the negative influence on daily life, concerns of infection risk, and prediction of the ending of the pandemic.ResultsThe majority of people perceived that daily life was at least somewhat negatively influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and they worried at least once a week about infection risk. After the emergence of the omicron variant, the perceived negative influence and concern of infection risk decreased slightly while the prediction of ending increased significantly. People who were infected by COVID-19 perceived more negative influence and more concern of infection risk, but were more optimistic about the ending of the pandemic. People who did not get a vaccine perceived less negative influence and less concern of infection risk, but were more pessimistic about the ending of the pandemic. The attitudes varied significantly by individual and contextual characteristics.ConclusionThe emergence of omicron significantly increased people’s predicted ending time of the pandemic but did not change people’s perception of the pandemic’s negative influence on daily life and concern of infection risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the emergence of the omicron variant may change people’s attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic

Yang

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…While the literature citing urban and rural situations in the adherence to the behavioral recommendations appears to report mixed results around the world (e.g., a higher level of compliance found in urban people [17,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] or no differences [42][43][44]), preventive behaviors in Japan seem to be fairly similar between urban and rural areas [13,14,34]. Our work provides a more holistic view on people's preventive behaviors in urban and rural Japan by covering a broader range of people in our cross-sectional survey (vs. small group interviews [13,14]) and by explicitly defining urban and rural areas at the municipal level (vs. comparison at the prefectural level [34]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the General Public in Urban and Rural Areas in Southern Japan

Sasaki

Ichinose

2022

Sustainability

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Urban and rural areas are situated in contrasting physical and social settings, which influence their levels of exposure as well as their preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The study investigated whether there were differences between the areas regarding the levels of difficulty and anxiety felt by the general public during the first wave of COVID-19 in April and May 2020. We conducted an online questionnaire in Fukuoka and Kumamoto Prefecture in southern Japan via a private research company and collected a total of 913 valid responses from individuals whose conditions of employment were affected by the coronavirus outbreak. Although urban areas experienced higher case rates compared to rural areas, ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed no significant differences between urban and rural respondents concerning the level of difficulty in routine life. The daily-life contents which made them feel difficult during the first wave also did not differ largely between the contrasting areas. Urban respondents appeared to have experienced a higher level of difficulty in finding an alternative job, but how respondents found one, if successful, did not differ between urban and rural areas. The area of residence played a role in explaining the level of anxiety toward being infected, especially when the anxiety-related questions involved relationships with neighbors. Rural respondents showed a significantly higher level of anxiety toward causing neighbors trouble and being criticized if infected. Respondents who were better embedded in their communities generally felt more anxious about being infected, regardless of whether they lived in urban or rural areas. Women and respondents with children were more likely affected by abnormal situations caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Our study highlights the prevailing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general public regardless of whether in urban or rural settings, as well as the potential contribution of social ties among people to protecting communities from infectious pathogens.

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“…More generally, there is no doubt that in population‐level studies density is indicative of proximity, but it also potentially is a proxy for adaptive behavior. And it is possible that the determining factor during COVID‐19, at least in the United States, has been variations in perceptions of the risks associated with contagion (Chauhan et al 2021 ), and subsequent compensations in behavior in more and less dense regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk compensation is a process whereby people adjust their behavior in response to their perception of risk (Noland 1995 ; Richens, Imrie, and Copas 2000 ; Phillips et al 2011 ). In the case of COVID‐19, Chauhan et al ( 2021 ) have found that perception of risks in the United States varies between rural, suburban, and urban residents, with rural residents in general expressing less concern about the virus. It is possible that people who listened to the message of leaders saying that they were safe from the virus because of low density may not have taken adequate precautions.…”

Section: Background: the Intuitive Relationship Between Density And Spread Of Contagious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Research During COVID‐19: Examining the Case of Population Density and the Basic Reproductive Rate from the Perspective of Spatial Analysis

Páez

2021

Geographical Analysis

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The emergence of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus and the global COVID‐19 pandemic in 2019 led to explosive growth in scientific research. Alas, much of the research in the literature lacks conditions to be reproducible, and recent publications on the association between population density and the basic reproductive number of SARS‐CoV‐2 are no exception. Relatively few papers share code and data sufficiently, which hinders not only verification but additional experimentation. In this article, an example of reproducible research shows the potential of spatial analysis for epidemiology research during COVID‐19. Transparency and openness means that independent researchers can, with only modest efforts, verify findings and use different approaches as appropriate. Given the high stakes of the situation, it is essential that scientific findings, on which good policy depends, are as robust as possible; as the empirical example shows, reproducibility is one of the keys to ensure this.

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COVID-19 related Attitudes and Risk Perceptions across Urban, Rural, and Suburban Areas in the United States

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

How the emergence of the omicron variant may change people’s attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic

How the emergence of the omicron variant may change people’s attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the General Public in Urban and Rural Areas in Southern Japan

Reproducibility of Research During COVID‐19: Examining the Case of Population Density and the Basic Reproductive Rate from the Perspective of Spatial Analysis

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