COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink

Joffe, Ari R.

doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0330.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Companies in the deep-tech sector are ideally placed to assist communities during the epidemic. They have contributed to the production and distribution of personal protection gear through the use of 3D printing, expanded the range of testing possibilities and developed fresh disinfection techniques (Joffe, 2020).…”

Section: Why Is Deep-tech Becoming More Popular Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we unlock deep-tech in Indian startups for long-term success?

Sreenivasan

Suresh²

2023

TECHS

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PurposeInnovation in technology is nothing new. However, a strong surge of inventions centered on digital apps and platforms has emerged over the past decade and has come to be associated with the tech sectors. The purpose of this research is to know whether deep-tech can be unlocked in startups for their long-term success.Design/methodology/approachPapers and websites that included the term deep-tech startups were considered for this study.FindingsThe authors have seen no explanation why India cannot develop several global deep-tech firms in the coming five years, similar to what China did in the previous 10 years, if Indian deep-tech entrepreneurs receive solid support from domestic industry giants, supportive regulatory changes and prompt access to finance. The authors think that the epidemic has made conditions for this to pick up speed that is highly favorable.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to a few numbers of papers and websites.Practical implicationsDue to the unanticipated disruption, the pandemic caused, clever robotics and hands-free technology were urgently needed. The development of smart, self-monitoring, simple, tailored and potential on-the-go improvement solutions are the talk of the day. Deep-tech solutions have the ability to provide limitless benefits in a variety of fields to the world's 1.3 billion inhabitants.Social implicationsThis research will help startups to know more about deep-tech and implement them to be the first-mover advantage in this competitive and turbulent environment.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research is based on its presentation of an organized and thorough evaluation, which defines the current state of the art with regard to deep-tech startups. Not many studies have been performed in the area of deep-tech startups. In order to create a sustainable startup, a thorough study on how deep-tech can be unlocked in startups and its opportunities, challenges and funding is presented.

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Section: Why Is Deep-tech Becoming More Popular Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we unlock deep-tech in Indian startups for long-term success?

Sreenivasan

Suresh²

2023

TECHS

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“…There have been several attempts to put these policy measures into a health economic context in the United States. Early economic analyses of policy responses estimated benefits and costs but did not explicitly consider non-health outcomes [14][15][16][17]. As the pandemic progressed, studies started measuring the impact of specific NMIs on the effective reproduction number R 0 alone or gains in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other cost-benefit analyses focused on specific health impacts such as mental health [22,23], increases in domestic violence [24,25], child health such as declines in routine pediatric vaccine ordering [26], deferred care in general [27], or for specific diseases such as cancer [28]. Evaluation of costs have focused on economic costs of the measures either calculated by small business closings [15], the economic stimulus package [16], Gross Domestic Product (GDP) loss [4,14] or loss of productivity [17]. Studies documented the cost-effectiveness of individual measures such as hand washing and mask wearing, the social consequences of lockdowns, and the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on Americans in debt [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of medical innovation on the cost-effectiveness of Covid 19-related policies in the United States using a SIR model

Atherly

Broek-Altenburg

2023

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background During 2020–21, the United States used a multifaceted approach to control SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) and reduce mortality and morbidity. This included non-medical interventions (NMIs), aggressive vaccine development and deployment, and research into more effective approaches to medically treat Covid-19. Each approach had both costs and benefits. The objective of this study was to calculate the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) for three major Covid-19 policies: NMIs, vaccine development and deployment (Vaccines), and therapeutics and care improvements within the hospital setting (HTCI). Methods To simulate the number of QALYs lost per scenario, we developed a multi-risk Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model where infection and fatality rates vary between regions. We use a two equation SIR model. The first equation represents changes in the number of infections and is a function of the susceptible population, the infection rate and the recovery rate. The second equation shows the changes in the susceptible population as people recover. Key costs included loss of economic productivity, reduced future earnings due to educational closures, inpatient spending and the cost of vaccine development. Benefits included reductions in Covid-19 related deaths, which were offset in some models by additional cancer deaths due to care delays. Results The largest cost is the reduction in economic output associated with NMI ($1.7 trillion); the second most significant cost is the educational shutdowns, with estimated reduced lifetime earnings of $523B. The total estimated cost of vaccine development is $55B. HTCI had the lowest cost per QALY gained vs “do nothing” with a cost of $2,089 per QALY gained. Vaccines cost $34,777 per QALY gained in isolation, while NMIs alone were dominated by other options. HTCI alone dominated most alternatives, except the combination of HTCI and Vaccines ($58,528 per QALY gained) and HTCI, Vaccines and NMIs ($3.4 m per QALY gained). Conclusions HTCI was the most cost effective and was well justified under any standard cost effectiveness threshold. The cost per QALY gained for vaccine development, either alone or in concert with other approaches, is well within the standard for cost effectiveness. NMIs reduced deaths and saved QALYs, but the cost per QALY gained is well outside the usual accepted limits.

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“…Lastly, even recommendations for a COVID-19 vaccine for children are moot until we have data from children included in COVID-19 vaccine trials. We agree with the growing consensus to begin such studies now . The announcement by Pfizer that they received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration to include children 12 years and older in its COVID-19 vaccine trial is progress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%