COVID-19's pandemic: a new way of thinking through linear combinations of proportions

Freitas, Adelaide; Escudeiro, Sara; Reis, Juliana; Silva, Cristiana J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-32-390504-6.00008-5

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…During the summer of 2020 until the next state of emergency on 6 November 2020, the Portuguese government changed contingency states or alert states depending on the countryside or regional epidemic situation. In September 2020, an increase marking the beginning of a second wave peaked in November with over 6000 daily new cases despite the reintroduction of some restrictive measures in late October and early November 2020 [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph Theory Approach to COVID-19 Transmission by Municipalities and Age Groups

Machado

Pinheiro²,

Afreixo³

et al. 2022

MCA

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The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global problem that affects the health of millions of people and the world economy. Identifying how the movement of people between regions of the world, countries, and municipalities and how the close contact between individuals of different age groups promotes the spread of infectious diseases is a pressing concern for society, during epidemic outbreaks and pandemics, such as COVID-19. Networks and Graph Theory provide adequate and powerful tools to study the spread of communicable diseases. In this work, we use Graph Theory to analyze COVID-19 transmission dynamics between municipalities of Aveiro district, in Portugal, and between different age groups, considering data from 2020 and 2021, in order to better understand the spread of this disease, as well as preparing actions for possible future pandemics. We used a digraph structure that models the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus between Aveiro´s municipalities and between age groups. To understand how a node fits over the contact digraphs, we studied centrality measures, namely eigencentrality, closeness, degree, and betweenness. Transmission ratios were also considered to determine whether there were certain age groups or municipals that were more responsible for the virus's spread. According to the results of this research, transmissions mostly occur within the same social groupings, that is, within the same municipalities and age groups. However, the study of centrality measures, eliminating loops, reveals that municipalities such as Aveiro, Estarreja and Ovar are relevant nodes in the transmission network of municipalities as well as the age group of 40–49 in the transmission network of age groups. Furthermore, we conclude that vaccination is effective in reducing the virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%