“…The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on people’s lives. During this period, the countries’ economy ( Goodell, 2020 ) and energy ( Jiang et al, 2021 ; Szczygielski et al, 2022 ) were affected, companies’ performance suffered ( Shen et al, 2020 ), and individuals’ multiple interpersonal relationships ( Morelli et al, 2020 ; Qu et al, 2021 ; Chung et al, 2022 ; Su et al, 2022 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ; Afriat et al, 2023 ; Cheong et al, 2023 ), mental health status and well-being are also threatened ( Crabtree et al, 2021 ; Stieger et al, 2021 ; Tan et al, 2021 ; Negri et al, 2023 ). Results of a systematic review by Xiong et al (2020) indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the general population in China, Spain, Italy, Iran, the United States, Turkey, Nepal, and Denmark experienced relatively high proportions of anxiety (6.33% to 50.9%), depression (14.6% to 48.3%)), post-traumatic stress disorder (7% to 53.8%), psychological distress (34.43% to 38%), and stress (8.1% to 81.9%).…”