COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation

Kaddoura, Malak; AlIbrahim, Malak; Hijazi, Ghina; Soudani, Nadia; Audi, Amani; Alkalamouni, Habib; Haddad, Salame; Eid, Ali H.; Zaraket, Hassan

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01196

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 295 publications

(338 reference statements)

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“…C-4 have completed their randomized clinical trials as potential inhibitors of 6LU7 (Kaddoura et al 2020 ), suggesting that they are allosteric inhibitors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources, species name, and biological activities of the studied compounds are shown in Table 1 . Also, three standards (Remdesivir, Dexamethasone, and N3 inhibitor) whose completed randomized trials and inhibitory activities against the novel SARS-CoV-2 (M pro ) have been reported (Kaddoura et al 2020 ; Jin et al 2020 ) were used for comparison. The Saponins/Tannins used are Priverogenin A, Arjunic acid, Theasapogenol B, Euscaphic Acid, Camelliagenin C, Medicagenic Acid, Protoescigenin, Arjunolic acid, Asiatic acid, Protobassic acid, Arjugenin, Polygalacic acid, Primulagenin A, Soyasapogenol B, Tomentosic acid, Presenegenin, Punicalagin, Punicalin, Ellagic acid, Corilagin, Gallagic acid, Terflavin B. Catechin, Chebulinic acid, Hexahydroxydiphenic acid, Gallic acid, and Catechol respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In silico investigation of saponins and tannins as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)

Falade

Adelusi

Adedotun

et al. 2021

In Silico Pharmacol.

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“…C-4 have completed their randomized clinical trials as potential inhibitors of 6LU7 (Kaddoura et al 2020 ), suggesting that they are allosteric inhibitors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico investigation of saponins and tannins as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)

Falade

Adelusi

Adedotun

et al. 2021

In Silico Pharmacol.

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“…In some cases, the authors reported that antivirals targeting RdRp of other viruses (HCV, MERS and SARS) such as sofosbuvir and remdesivir could bind and stop the activity of this protein. A recent clinical trial did not confirm the activity of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 [ 110 ] but other studies suggested that this drug can shorten the time to recovery in some patients [ 111 ]. On this basis, FDA issued an emergency use authorization for remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 patients hospitalized with severe disease.…”

Section: Drug-repurposing Strategies For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on drug repurposing applicable to COVID-19

Dotolo

Marabotti

Facchiano

et al. 2020

Briefings in Bioinformatics

154

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Drug repurposing involves the identification of new applications for existing drugs at a lower cost and in a shorter time. There are different computational drug-repurposing strategies and some of these approaches have been applied to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Computational drug-repositioning approaches applied to COVID-19 can be broadly categorized into (i) network-based models, (ii) structure-based approaches and (iii) artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Network-based approaches are divided into two categories: network-based clustering approaches and network-based propagation approaches. Both of them allowed to annotate some important patterns, to identify proteins that are functionally associated with COVID-19 and to discover novel drug–disease or drug–target relationships useful for new therapies. Structure-based approaches allowed to identify small chemical compounds able to bind macromolecular targets to evaluate how a chemical compound can interact with the biological counterpart, trying to find new applications for existing drugs. AI-based networks appear, at the moment, less relevant since they need more data for their application.

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“…Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies reduced inflammation by inhibiting FcR stimulation. Nevertheless, these therapies have some vulnerabilities such as abnormal reactions, short-term safety, toxins, and dissemination of causative agents ( 107 , 108 ).…”

Section: Control and Prevention Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

Siddique

Abbas²,

Mansoor

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranks third in terms of fatal coronavirus diseases threatening public health, coming after SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) causes COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the current outbreak of COVID-19 is the sixth global health emergency. As of December 3, 2020, 64 million people worldwide have been affected by this malaise, and the global economy has experienced a loss of more than $1 trillion. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus. The high nucleotide sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with the BatCoV RaTG13 genome has indicated that bats could be the possible host of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the host cell via binding its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is similar to the mechanisms of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets and airborne and contaminated fomites. Moreover, it poses a significant risk to smokers, the elderly, immunocompromised people, and those with preexisting comorbidities. Two main approaches are used to control viral infections, namely, vaccination, and biosecurity. Studies to analyze the antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are underway, and few vaccines may be available in the near future. In the current situation, the Human Biosecurity Emergency (HBE) may be the only way to cope effectively with the novel SARS-CoV-2 strain. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the origin of COVID-19 as well as its epidemiological relationship with humans and animals, genomic resemblance, immunopathogenesis, clinical-laboratory signs, diagnosis, control and prevention, and treatment. Moreover, we discuss the interventional effects of various nutrients on COVID-19 in detail. However, multiple possibilities are explored to fight COVID-19, and the greatest efforts targeted toward finding an effective vaccine in the near future. Furthermore, antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids, both synthetic and natural, could play a crucial role in the fight against COVID-19.

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COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation

Cited by 74 publications

References 295 publications

In silico investigation of saponins and tannins as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)

In silico investigation of saponins and tannins as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)

A review on drug repurposing applicable to COVID-19

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

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