COVID-19 type III hypersensitivity reaction

Mahdi, Batool Mutar

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109763

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Such mutations can be found in life-threatening COVID-19. 7,11 Specific inhibitors of anaphylaxis might provide effective prophylactic treatment for terminal complement component generation in type 3 hypersensitivity vasculitis. 16 Additional proposed influences on autoimmunity in COVID-19 include SARS-CoV-2 as an environmental trigger, physical and environmental agents, and hormonal factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Stalled or sluggish microvascular blood flow from microthrombi or from more substantial microvascular damage in COVID-19 could exacerbate functional shunting deficits in vascular beds in addition to generating damaging pro-inflammatory cytokines in the already hypoxically-challenged brain. 7 The possibility of a central hypoventilation syndrome involving the brainstem's central cardiopulmonary pacing network has been suggested to occur in COVID-19. 34 Given the respiratory challenges common to COVID-19 and in this cohort, and the possibility of a central hypoventilation syndrome involving the brainstem's central cardiopulmonary pacing network, the time of death was noted for our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main proposed modes of CNS involvement include direct olfactory nerve or cranial nerve infection with trans-synaptic CNS entry into olfactory bulbs and the ventrolateral medulla, respectively; 1-5 a hematogenous route with CNS vascular endothelial cell infection allowing direct viral entry into the brain; and indirect CNS damage through a coagulopathy complicated by the formation of microthrombi or major vessel obstructive thrombosis. 1,2,6,7 This indirect CNS damage may occur through a virus-induced dysfunction or imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). 4,8,9 Autoimmunity may play a role in CNS damage with the development of hypercytokinemia (“cytokine storm”) and type 3 hypersensitivity vasculitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Endotheliitis (Type 3 Hypersensitivity Vasculitis) in Ten COVID-19 Autopsy Brains

Rhodes

Love

Lameira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in COVID-19 may occur through direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion through peripheral or cranial nerves or through vascular endothelial cell infection. The renin-angiotensin system may play a major part in CNS morbidity. Effects of hypoxia have also been implicated in CNS lesions in COVID-19. This communication reports on ten consecutive autopsies of individuals with death due to COVID-19 with decedent survival ranging from 30 minutes to 84 days after admission. All ten brains examined had neutrophilic microvascular endotheliitis present in variable amounts and variably distributed. Importantly, this acute stage of type 3 hypersensitivity vasculitis can be followed by fibrinoid necrosis and inner vascular wall sclerosis, but these later stages were not found. These results suggest that a vasculitis with autoimmune features occurred in all ten patients. It is possible that viral antigen in or on microvascular walls or other antigen-antibody complexes occurred in all ten patients proximate to death as a form of autoimmune vasculitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Endotheliitis (Type 3 Hypersensitivity Vasculitis) in Ten COVID-19 Autopsy Brains

Rhodes

Love

Lameira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We presume that the difference of immune reaction lead to the different CT presentations. Actually, some has proposed that COVID-19 was the results of type III hypersensitivity reaction [ 35 ]. There was no difference in the aggravation of clinical symptoms or death, and we thought the reason was that most patients in our study were the mild patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shorter incubation period is associated with severe disease progression in patients with COVID-19

Lai

Wang

et al. 2020

Virulence

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The diagnosed COVID-19 cases revealed that the incubation periods (IP) varied a lot among patients. However, few studies had emphasized on the different clinical features and prognosis of patients with different IP. A total of 330 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and classified into immediate onset group(IP<3 days, I group, 57 cases) and late onset group(IP>10 days, L group, 75 cases) based on IP. The difference of clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were compared. There were more patients with fever in I group than in L group(P = 0.003), and counts of all the total lymphocytes, total T lymphocytes, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were significantly different between the two groups(all P < 0.01). Besides, patients in L group had more GGOs in CT scan than I group and there were more patients in I group receiving antibiotic treatment than in L group(P < 0.001). For disease aggravation, the median CT scores were comparable between the two groups, but individually, there were more patients with increased CT score during hospitalization in I group than in L group. The aggrava tion incidence of CT presentation was 21.1% in I group, significantly higher than L group(8.0%, P = 0.042). Multivariable COX models suggested that IP was the only independent factors for CT aggravation. Conclusively, patients with different IP were different in clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT presentations. Shorter IP was associated with the aggravation of lung involvement in CT scan.

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“…Severe pneumonia caused by human CoV was characterized by rapid viral replication, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines or even cytokine storm in alveoli of lungs, resulting in acute pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). COVID-19 is a type III hypersensitivity reaction due to antigen-antibody immune complex deposition with complement activation [4], [5]. Recent studies on COVID-19 demonstrated that the lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood were remarkably decreased and the levels of cytokines in the plasma from patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, were significantly higher than those who did not require ICU conditions [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Effort of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation Using Music Stimulation in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Dwitasari

Laksmidewi

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or CoV disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a big threat to global health and becomes a global pandemic. The exact treatment for this disease is still an on-going experiment. Meanwhile, there are more people infected by this disease, leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 patients with severe clinical symptoms may need mechanical ventilation. These patients at the same time, struggle with the infection and also the effort to wean from the ventilation. Weaning failure commonly occurred in patients with severe respiratory disease. In this article, we discuss the use of convalescence plasma therapy and the benefit of music stimulation for weaning from mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.

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COVID-19 type III hypersensitivity reaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Acute Endotheliitis (Type 3 Hypersensitivity Vasculitis) in Ten COVID-19 Autopsy Brains

Acute Endotheliitis (Type 3 Hypersensitivity Vasculitis) in Ten COVID-19 Autopsy Brains

Shorter incubation period is associated with severe disease progression in patients with COVID-19

Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Effort of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation Using Music Stimulation in Severe COVID-19 Patients

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