Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy

Razai, Mohammad S; Chaudhry, Umar; Doerholt, Katja; Bauld, Linda; Majeed, Azeem

doi:10.1136/bmj.n1138

Cited by 262 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…WHO listed vaccine hesitancy among the top 10 global threats to health in 2019. One recent study showed that vaccine hesitancy is common and is due to concerns about unknown future effects, side effects, and a lack of trust [11]. Our study also shows that an active demystification program and campaign through community engagement will make more people voluntarily recruit themselves for vaccination.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Impact of vaccination in reducing Hospital expenses, Mortality and Average length of stay among COVID-19 patients – a retrospective cohort study from India

Ramakrishnan¹,

Subbarayan²

2021

Preprint

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Background & Aim: WHO listed vaccine hesitancy among the top 10 global threats to health and there are very few reports highlighting vaccine benefits against COVID-19. The aim of this study was to study the impact of vaccination on reducing the average length of stay (ALOS), intensive care unit (ICU) requirement, mortality and cost of the treatment among COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study all the patients above 45 years who underwent treatment for COVID-19 were included. The data of patients treated pan India during the period March & April 2021 with the diagnosis of COVID-19, under health insurance cover, were extracted to study parameters like the ALOS, mortality, ICU requirement, total hospital expenses incurred and the vaccination status. Results: Among 3820 patients with COVID-19, 3301 (86.4%) were unvaccinated while 519 (13.6%) were vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated the mean (s.d) ALOS was 7 days. Fourteen days after second dose of vaccination this was significantly less (p=0.01) at 4.9. The mean total hospital expense among the unvaccinated was Rs. 277850. Fourteen days after second dose of vaccination this was further less (p=0.001) at Rs. 217850. Among the unvaccinated population 291/3301 (8.8%) required ICU and this was significantly less (p=0.03) at 31/519 (6%) among the vaccinated. Among those who received two doses of vaccination it was further less at 1/33 (3%). The mortality among unvaccinated patients was 16/3301 (0.5%) while there was no mortality among the vaccinated. Among those who received two doses of vaccination there was a 66% relative risk reduction in ICU stay and 81% relative risk reduction in mortality. Conclusions: There was a significant reduction in ALOS, ICU requirement, mortality & treatment cost in patients who had completed two doses of vaccination. These findings may be used in motivating public and promoting vaccination drive.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Impact of vaccination in reducing Hospital expenses, Mortality and Average length of stay among COVID-19 patients – a retrospective cohort study from India

Ramakrishnan¹,

Subbarayan²

2021

Preprint

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“…Both traditional channels and social media could be helpful in engaging different groups regarding public health policies and counter misinformation [19], thus contributing to counteract vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Income level and socioeconomic status were identified as factors affecting vaccine acceptance [16]; a low educational level and health illiteracy have been linked to a reduced vaccine confidence level [16][17][18], and they may hinder access to information on the benefits of immunization and on the detrimental consequences of infectious diseases. Moreover, structural factors such as health inequalities, systemic racism, and barriers to access could contribute to vaccine hesitancy and lead to decreased uptake [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination: Investigating the Role of Information Sources through a Mediation Analysis

Reno

Maietti

Valerio

et al. 2021

Infectious Disease Reports

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Mass vaccination campaigns have been implemented worldwide to counteract the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, however their effectiveness could be challenged by vaccine hesitancy. The tremendous rise in the use of social media have made them acquire a leading role as an information source, thus representing a crucial factor at play that could contribute to increase or mitigate vaccine hesitancy, as information sources play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and perceptions. The aims of the study were to investigate if information sources could affect the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination and if they could act as a mediator in the relationship between individual characteristics and vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted by a professional panellist on a representative sample of 1011 citizens from the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy in January 2021. A mediation analysis using structural equation modelling was performed. Our results show how social media directly or indirectly increases vaccine hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination, while the opposite effect was observed for institutional websites. Given the global widespread use of social media, their use should be enhanced to disseminate scientifically sound information to a greater audience to counteract vaccine hesitancy, while at the same time continuing to promote and update institutional websites that have proven to be effective in reducing vaccine hesitancy.

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“…Despite the evidenced efficacy, concerns have been raised around existing hesitancy to accept the vaccine which may put the success of the public health initiative at risk. 3 Within the UK by the 18 February 2021, 34% of 18,855 participants of OCEANS II/III study confirmed that they were either doubtful or strongly unwilling to opt for the vaccine. 4 Similar mistrust was also noted amongst a higher risk category namely the ‘keyworkers’ with 23.9 % of the 579 keyworkers surveyed confirmed that they are uncertain or will refuse to take the vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: A longitudinal household cross-sectional study

Chaudhuri

Chakrabarti

Chandan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The global morbidity and mortality burden of COVID19 has been substantial, often widening preexisting inequalities. The approved COVID19 vaccines have shown great promise in reducing disease transmission and severity of outcomes. However, the success of the COVID19 vaccine rollout is dependent on public acceptance and willingness to be vaccinated. In this study, we aim to examine how the attitude towards public sector officials and the government impact vaccine willingness with a secondary aim to understand the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. Methods: This crosssectional study used data from a UK population based longitudinal household survey (Understanding Society COVID19 study, Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study) between April 2020 to January 2021. Data from 22421 participants in Waves 6 and 7 of the study were included after excluding missing data. Demographic details in addition to previous survey responses relating to public sector/governmental trust were included in as covariates in the main analyses. A logit model was produced to describe the association between public sector/governmental mistrust and the willingness for vaccination with interaction terms included to account for ethnicity/socioeconomic status. Findings: In support of existing literature, we identified those from BAME groups were more likely to be unwilling to take the COVID19 vaccine. We found that positive opinions towards public sector officials (OR 2.680: 95% CI 1.888 3.805) and the UK government (OR 3.400; 95% CI 2.454 4.712) led to substantive increase in vaccine willingness. Most notably we identified this effect to be vary across ethnicity and socioeconomic status with those from South Asian background (OR 4.513; 95% CI 1.012 20.123) the most unwilling to be vaccinated when their trust in public sector officials were affected. Interpretation: These findings suggests that trust in public sector officials may play a key factor in the low vaccination rates particularly seen in at risk groups. Given the additional morbidity/mortality risk posed by COVID19 to those from lower socioeconomic or ethnic minority backgrounds, there needs to be urgent public health action to review how to tailor health promotion advice given to these groups and examine methods to improve trust in public sector officials and the Government. Funding: No funding

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Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy

Cited by 262 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of vaccination in reducing Hospital expenses, Mortality and Average length of stay among COVID-19 patients – a retrospective cohort study from India

Impact of vaccination in reducing Hospital expenses, Mortality and Average length of stay among COVID-19 patients – a retrospective cohort study from India

Vaccine Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination: Investigating the Role of Information Sources through a Mediation Analysis

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: A longitudinal household cross-sectional study

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