COVID-19 Vaccine and Long COVID: A Scoping Review

Mumtaz, Aqsa; Sheikh, Abdul Ahad Ehsan; Khan, Amin Moazzam; Khalid, Subaina Naeem; Khan, Jehanzaeb; Nasrullah, Adeel; Sagheer, Shazib; Sheikh, Abu Baker

doi:10.3390/life12071066

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, vaccination is a protective factor for other symptoms such as joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, convulsions, difficulty sleeping, dry eyes, and palpitations. Some studies pointed in the same direction as ours, so vaccination is useful for improving symptoms in people who already have the disease (37)(38)(39). Many of these investigations found no difference in the type of vaccine used (37,38,40), while others found greater improvement in those who received mRNA vaccines compared to adenoviral vector vaccines (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great variability of symptoms that affect all organs and systems of the body has been identified in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; this symptomatology can sometimes persist over time, giving rise to the so-called long COVID or post-COVID. The aim of this study is to delve into the clinical characterization of these patients, as well as to take into account the influence of factors such as hospitalization, admission to ICU, history of pneumonia, or vaccination status on the persistence of symptoms.Material and methodsAn observational, descriptive, multicenter, and retrospective study was designed with a series of cases of people who presented long COVID, which includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Data were obtained from an online ad hoc questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software Version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsHospitalization, ICU admission, history of pneumonia, and vaccination were predictive factors (positive or negative) for the following long-COVID symptoms: headache, menstrual disorders, joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, seizures, sleeping difficulty, dry eyes, palpitations, fatigue, paresthesia, dyspnea, aphonia, chest pain, high blood pressure, vomiting, memory loss, brain fog, hypothermia, low blood pressure, sputum or phlegm, lack of concentration, hair loss, and erectile dysfunction.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on the clinical characterization of patients suffering from long COVID in order to offer them the most appropriate treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms

et al. 2022

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“…The pathophysiology is unknown. Residual viral particles and viral shedding have been proposed as probable causes of long COVID ( 168 ). Long COVID risk among fully SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated individuals is markedly reduced in comparison with the unvaccinated ( 169 – 171 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including physical and mental rehabilitation services, to manage long COVID patients is extremely necessary. In addition, antiviral therapy shows great promise in reducing the incidence rate of long COVID ( 168 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the information immunology journals transmitted for COVID-19: A bibliometric and visualization analysis

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSince the global epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a large number of immunological studies related to COVID-19 have been published in various immunology journals. However, the results from these studies were discrete, and no study summarized the important immunological information about COVID-19 released by these immunology journals. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots of COVID-19 published in major immunology journals through bibliometrics.MethodsPublications on COVID-19 in major immunology journals were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-bibliometrix were comprehensively used for bibliometric and visual analysis.Results1,331 and 5,000 publications of 10 journals with high impact factors and 10 journals with the most papers were included, respectively. The USA, China, England, and Italy made the most significant contributions to these papers. University College London, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School, University California San Diego, and University of Pennsylvania played a central role in international cooperation in the immunology research field of COVID-19. Yuen Kwok Yung was the most important author in terms of the number of publications and citations, and the H-index. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES and FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY were the most essential immunology journals. These immunology journals mostly focused on the following topics: “Delta/Omicron variants”, “cytokine storm”, “neutralization/neutralizing antibody”, “T cell”, “BNT162b2”, “mRNA vaccine”, “vaccine effectiveness/safety”, and “long COVID”.ConclusionThis study systematically uncovered a holistic picture of the current research on COVID-19 published in major immunology journals from the perspective of bibliometrics, which will provide a reference for future research in this field.

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“…In 2020 the term “long COVID” was created by patients to refer a post-acute condition [ 122 ] that is characterized by residual and persistent multi-organ symptoms involving almost two-thirds of COVID-19 recovered patients [ 123 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO)’s definition of long COVID is “A condition that occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually three months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms that last for at least two months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis [ 124 ]”. The exact pathophysiology is unknown [ 125 ] but is assumed to be multifactorial.…”

Section: Long Terms Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Options

Pelle

Zaffina

Luca

et al. 2022

Life

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SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus found in Wuhan (China) at the end of 2019, is the etiological agent of the current pandemic that is a heterogeneous disease, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 affects primarily the lungs, but it can induce multi-organ involvement such as acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, thromboembolic eventsandrenal failure. Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity increase the risk of severe complications of COVID-19. There is no certain explanation for this systemic COVID-19 involvement, but it could be related to endothelial dysfunction, due to direct (endothelial cells are infected by the virus) and indirect damage (systemic inflammation) factors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), expressed in human endothelium, has a fundamental role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In fact, ACE2 is used as a receptor by SARS-CoV-2, leading to the downregulation of these receptors on endothelial cells; once inside, this virus reduces the integrity of endothelial tissue, with exposure of prothrombotic molecules, platelet adhesion, activation of coagulation cascades and, consequently, vascular damage. Systemic microangiopathy and thromboembolism can lead to multi-organ failure with an elevated risk of death. Considering the crucial role of the immunological response and endothelial damage in developing the severe form of COVID-19, in this review, we will attempt to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

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COVID-19 Vaccine and Long COVID: A Scoping Review

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms

Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms

Uncovering the information immunology journals transmitted for COVID-19: A bibliometric and visualization analysis

Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Options

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