COVID-19 vaccine booster dose needed to achieve Omicron-specific neutralisation in nursing home residents

Canaday, David H.; Oyebanji, Oladayo A.; White, Elizabeth M.; Keresztesy, Debbie; Payne, Michael; Wilk, Dennis; Carias, Lenore L.; Aung, Htin; Denis, Kerri J St; Sheehan, Maegan L.; Berry, Sarah D.; Cameron, Cheryl M.; Cameron, Mark J.; Wilson, Brigid; Balazs, Alejandro B.; King, Christopher L.; Gravenstein, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104066

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In turn, this can help to devise proper and well-informed intervention measures to improve vaccine acceptance, considering growing evidence that booster COVID-19 vaccination is necessary to control the pandemic [ 14 , 89 ]. This comes in light of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape potential besides the waning of population immunity [ 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster dose vaccination after completing the primary vaccination series for individuals ≥18 years and most-at-risk populations. This study aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake and intention to get the booster dose among general populations and healthcare workers (HCWs). We searched PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect according to PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 1079 screened records, 50 studies were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using 48 high-quality studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Using the 48 included studies, the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose acceptance among 198,831 subjects was 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 75–85%, I2 = 100%). The actual uptake of the booster dose in eight studies involving 12,995 subjects was 31% (95% CI: 19–46%, I2 = 100%), while the intention to have the booster dose of the vaccine was 79% (95% CI: 72–85%, I2 = 100%). The acceptance of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs was 66% (95% CI: 58–74%), I2 = 99%). Meta-regression revealed that previous COVID-19 infection was associated with a lower intention to have the booster dose. Conversely, previous COVID-19 infection was associated with a significantly higher level of booster dose actual uptake. Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled booster dose acceptance in the WHO region of the Americas, which did not include any actual vaccination, was 77% (95% CI: 66–85%, I2 = 100%). The pooled acceptance of the booster dose in the Western Pacific was 89% (95% CI: 84–92%, I2 = 100), followed by the European region: 86% (95% CI: 81–90%, I2 = 99%), the Eastern Mediterranean region: 59% (95% CI: 46–71%, I2 = 99%), and the Southeast Asian region: 52% (95% CI: 43–61%, I2 = 95). Having chronic disease and trust in the vaccine effectiveness were the significant predictors of booster dose COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The global acceptance rate of COVID-19 booster vaccine is high, but the rates vary by region. To achieve herd immunity for the disease, a high level of vaccination acceptance is required. Intensive vaccination campaigns and programs are still needed around the world to raise public awareness regarding the importance of accepting COVID-19 vaccines needed for proper control of the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, data on hybrid-immune cohorts (those with SARS-CoV-2 infection(s) before or after immunization) were not included. It is well known that previous SARS-CoV-2 infections may strongly affect immunity and neutralization responses [ 17 , 27 , 28 ]. Additionally, it has been shown that effects on Omicron sub-variant immunity differ by whether the infection was caused by Omicron or another variant [ 26 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants

Jacobsen

Katzmarzyk

Jiménez³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera, raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Several clinically relevant sub-variants subsequently emerged rapidly. Methods: We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform. Results: Among 178 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 40.1-fold for BA.2.75; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for most sub-variants (5.3-fold to 7.0-fold); however, a more pronounced fold-change was observed for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5 (10.4-fold to 14.2-fold). Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.4-fold) except for BA.4/5-related sub-variants which was higher (2.1-fold to 2.7-fold). Omicron sub-variant-specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 28.0% to 65.9%) compared to the prototype (median 100%) but improved post-booster (range median 73.3% to 100%). Conclusions: Fold-reductions in neutralization titers were comparable post-booster except for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5, which had higher fold-reduction. Assessment after primary vaccination was not possible because of overall poor neutralization responses causing extreme heterogeneity. Considering large fold-decreases in neutralization titers relative to the parental strain for all Omicron sub-variants, vaccine effectiveness is very likely to be reduced against all Omicron sub-variants, and probably more so against variants related to BA.4 or BA.5.

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“…We also did not include data on hybrid-immune cohorts (those with SARS-CoV-2 infection(s) before or after immunization). It is well known that previous SARS-CoV-2 infections may strongly affect immunity and neutralization responses [17, 32, 33]. Additionally, it has been shown that effects on Omicron sub-variant immunity differ by whether the infection was with Omicron or another variant [29, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-vaccination neutralization responses to Omicron sub-variants

Jacobsen

Katzmarzyk

Jiménez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Clinically relevant sub-variants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5) subsequently emerged rapidly. Methods: We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform. Results: Among 153 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 21.9-fold for BA.4/5; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for all sub-variants (5.9-fold to 7.1-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was 12.7-fold. Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.2-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was higher (2.0-fold). Omicron sub-variant specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 33.5% to 56.7%) compared to the prototype (median 96.0%), but improved post-booster (range median 85.4% to 92.6%).

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COVID-19 vaccine booster dose needed to achieve Omicron-specific neutralisation in nursing home residents

Cited by 46 publications

References 44 publications

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants

Post-vaccination neutralization responses to Omicron sub-variants

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