COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis: Coincidence vs. Cause?

Fadul, Abdalla; Abdalla, ELMustafa; Abdelmahmuod, Elabbass; Abdulgayoom, Mohammed; Ali, Elrazi; Al-warqi, Akram; Al-yahary, Hani

doi:10.7759/cureus.26436

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…At that time CVST had been reported to have an increased association with another adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine manufactured by AstraZeneca (a vaccine never distributed or approved in the United States); CVST had also been associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines but to a lesser extent. 10,11 The pause lasted 11 days but the concerns about this potentially lethal serious adverse event continued. In December of 2021, the CDC recommended that the mRNA vaccines be used as the preferred vaccines Description of Clinical Outcomes of Janssen's Ad26.COV2.S Prime and Single Boost for COVID-19 from Jan… Norton Healthcare Medical Journal against COVID-19 and in May of 2022 the US FDA limited the use of Ad26.COV2.S to those 18 years and older who were unwilling or unable to get an alternative COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Clinical Outcomes of Janssen’s Ad26.COV2.S Prime and Single Boost for COVID-19 from January 2021 through July 2022 at a large Kentucky study site

Hass,

Schulz,

Dougherty

et al. 2024

Norton Healthcare Medical Journal

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Introduction The Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 illness. Phase 3 trials were initiated in 2020, including sites at the University of Kentucky, Norton Healthcare Louisville, and Baptist Health Lexington. This study followed non-immunosuppressed adult subjects through July 2022 to evaluate vaccine efficacy and safety, with a total of 1,094 participants. Methods Subjects aged 18 years or older, in good health, and without major immunological conditions were included. Three trials (ENSEMBLE-1, ENSEMBLE-2, and AMPLIFY) were conducted. Participants were evaluated for vaccine efficacy if they were nucleocapsid antibody-negative and had no prior COVID-19 infection at the time of their first booster. Vaccine regimens included a prime and single boost with Ad26.COV2.S or other combinations of prime and boost vaccinations, including mRNA vaccines. Results A total of 1,094 subjects were enrolled, with 903 subjects evaluated for vaccine efficacy. Among these, 431 received only a prime and single boost with Ad26.COV2.S, and 472 received other combinations of vaccines. During the study period, 174 COVID-19 infections occurred, with 95 (55%) being asymptomatic. The incidence of infections was similar between those who received only Ad26.COV2.S (94 infections) and those with other vaccination regimens (80 infections), with no significant difference (P > .05). There were no serious vaccine-related safety concerns, and only one hospitalization occurred, involving a 75-year-old diabetic who recovered without intubation. Conclusion The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, as a prime and single boost, demonstrated similar efficacy to other vaccination regimens in preventing COVID-19 infections. Both regimens provided protection against severe disease and hospitalization, with no significant safety concerns identified. This study supports the effectiveness and safety of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in the adult population during a period of high COVID-19 incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Clinical Outcomes of Janssen’s Ad26.COV2.S Prime and Single Boost for COVID-19 from January 2021 through July 2022 at a large Kentucky study site

Hass,

Schulz,

Dougherty

et al. 2024

Norton Healthcare Medical Journal

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“…It is possible that new variants could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines [ 15 ]. In particular, the occurrence of unpredictable, potentially life-threatening adverse events has led to the unanticipated use of heterologous vaccination regimens [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

et al. 2023

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Background: Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector–vector versus heterologous, vector–mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. Methods: In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. Results: All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. Conclusion: Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector–vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.

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“…We correlated this to our patient, who was in an outpatient setting, had no chronic illness or impaired coagulation profile, and was found to have great saphenous thrombosis pointing to COVID infection as the risk factor. Upon reviewing the literature, multiple cases of thrombosis related to COVID have been acknowledged, including DVT, PE, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, superior mesenteric artery, and venous thrombosis [ 9 ]. However, few cases have been reported of great saphenous vein thrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Great Saphenous Vein Thrombosis in a Patient With COVID-19 Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Fadul¹,

Subahi²,

Elamin³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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On 30 January 2020, the Director-General declared that the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and on 11 March 2020, it was characterized as a pandemic. Since then, patients with COVID-19 infection are commonly reported to have an increased risk of thrombosis in various blood vessels due to hypercoagulability, blood stasis, and endothelial damage. In this study, we will present a case of a pregnant lady who was evaluated for right leg pain that started one week after having upper respiratory tract symptoms and COVID-19 infection confirmed by the COVID antigen (Ag) test. Further investigation with Doppler ultrasound (US) revealed complete right great saphenous vein thrombosis. This suggests that COVID-19 may lead to other adverse effects through damage to blood vessels.

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COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis: Coincidence vs. Cause?

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Description of Clinical Outcomes of Janssen’s Ad26.COV2.S Prime and Single Boost for COVID-19 from January 2021 through July 2022 at a large Kentucky study site

Description of Clinical Outcomes of Janssen’s Ad26.COV2.S Prime and Single Boost for COVID-19 from January 2021 through July 2022 at a large Kentucky study site

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

Isolated Great Saphenous Vein Thrombosis in a Patient With COVID-19 Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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