COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Current Clinical Trials

Yan, Zhipeng; Yang, Ming; Lai, Ching–Lung

doi:10.3390/ph14050406

Cited by 114 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Interestingly, compared to other vaccine types (i.e., viral vector-based and mRNA vaccines), NVX-CoV2373 reportedly generates higher titers of total as well as neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV-2 virus [75,[77][78][79]. Furthermore, combination with Matrix-M1 adjuvant induces polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell response as reflected by increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α production [80]. Another peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine, UB-612 (developed by Vaxxinity), is the first 'multitope' (derived from RBD, the S2 protein, as well as membrane and nucleoprotein regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus) vaccine that generates higher neutralizing antibody titers that exceed those in human convalescent serum [81].…”

Section: Protein-based Vaccines (Pv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noteworthy, both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines induce a higher GMT (Geometric Mean Titer) and PRNT80 (Plaque Reduction Neutralizing Testing) value compared to convalescent serum panel. Furthermore, both the mRNA vaccines induce a robust CD4+ T cell response in almost all recipients [80]. For solid-organ transplant recipients, administration of a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine significantly improved the immunogenicity of the vaccine, with no cases of COVID-19 reported in any of the patients [96].…”

Section: Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been a topic of major concern for global human health. The challenge to restrain the COVID-19 pandemic is further compounded by the emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants viz. B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), which show increased transmissibility and resistance towards vaccines and therapies. Importantly, there is convincing evidence of increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals with dysregulated immune response and comorbidities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive perspective regarding vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with underlying medical comorbidities. We discuss ongoing vaccine (mRNA, protein-based, viral vector-based, etc.) and therapeutic (monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, plasma therapy, etc.) modalities designed to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discuss in detail, the challenges posed by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) identified across the globe and their effects on therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.

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Section: Protein-based Vaccines (Pv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

2021

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“…Pain or tenderness at the injection site is very common with all available agents, and is therefore excluded in this tabular overview. Please note that further vaccines have entered clinical trials [3]. Abbreviations: mRNA-messenger ribonucleic acid; UK-United Kingdom; USA-United States of America; DRESS-drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from an Immuno-Dermatological Perspective

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Numerous vaccines are under preclinical and clinical development for prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In light of high efficacy rates and satisfactory safety profiles, some agents have already reached approval and are now distributed worldwide, with varying availability. Real-world data on cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain limited. (2) Methods: We performed a literature research concerning cutaneous ADRs to different COVID-19 vaccines, and incorporated our own experiences. (3) Results: Injection site reactions are the most frequent side effects arising from all vaccine types. Moreover, delayed cutaneous ADRs may occur after several days, either as a primary manifestation or as a flare of a pre-existing inflammatory dermatosis. Cutaneous ADRs may be divided according to their cytokine profile, based on the preponderance of specific T-cell subsets (i.e., Th1, Th2, Th17/22, Tregs). Specific cutaneous ADRs mimic immunogenic reactions to the natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is associated with an abundance of type I interferons. (4) Conclusions: Further studies are required in order to determine the best suitable vaccine type for individual groups of patients, including patients suffering from chronic inflammatory dermatoses.

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“…Despite the commencement of global COVID-19 vaccination programs [10], the infection rate remains high at the time of writing. This may imply we will have to live with COVID-19 for a significant period of time before there is herd immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Its Effect on Various Organ Systems and Recommendation on Rehabilitation Plans

2021

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The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 fully recovered within a few weeks. However, a considerable number of patients of different ages still suffer from long-lasting problems similar to the multi-organ damage in its acute phase of infection, or experience symptoms continuously for a longer term after the recovery. The severity of the primary infection seems not to be associated with the possibility and severity of long-term symptoms. Various unresolved symptoms have been reported in COVID-19 survivors months after hospital discharge. Long COVID-19 Syndrome refers to survivors 4 months after initial symptoms onset. It is important to understand the systemic effects of Long COVID-19 Syndrome, its presentations, and the need for rehabilitations to restore functional recovery in survivors. Government, healthcare workers, and survivor groups should collaborate to establish a self-sustaining system to facilitate follow-up and rehabilitations, with prioritization of resources to more severely Long COVID-19 Syndrome survivors. This review looks into the systemic effects of Long COVID-19 Syndrome in various aspects: respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, and metabolic effects of Long COVID-19 Syndromes. Recommendations for follow-up and rehabilitations details have been explored to cope with the tremendous Long COVID-19 Syndrome patients.

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COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Current Clinical Trials

Cited by 114 publications

References 55 publications

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from an Immuno-Dermatological Perspective

Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Its Effect on Various Organ Systems and Recommendation on Rehabilitation Plans

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