COVID-19 Vaccines—All You Want to Know

Shishido, Akira; Barnes, Ashley H.; Narayanan, Shivakumar; Chua, Joel V

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1759779

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Similarly, Sputnik V, CoronaVac, and Covaxin (BBV152) exhibited a high degree of efficacy against severe disease with Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants but were less protective against the Omicron variant. In most cases, nAb titers against the Omicron were significantly increased following a booster with the same or a different vaccine [136,140].…”

Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AstraZeneca (AZD1222), also known as the Vaxzevria and Covishield vaccine, is effective against severe disease with Alpha, Beta, and Delta strains but shows significantly reduced efficacy against the Omicron variant, although the nAbs can be enhanced with boosters [130,[132][133][134]. Janssen (JNJ-78436735; Ad26.COV2.S) COVID vaccine exhibits about 74% to 90% protection against severe morbidity with Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, but with the Omicron variant, there are significant breakthrough infections and hospitalizations among the recipients of this vaccine although protection against severe disease can be achieved with booster immunizations [135,136].…”

Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BBIBP-CorV/NVSI-06-07 retained nAbs against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants; however, it drastically declined against the Omicron variant [137,138]. Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA-1273) exhibited more than 90% protection against severe illness and hospitalization against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants; however, the nAb titer is Vaccines 2023, 11, 849 9 of 28 35 times lower against the Omicron variant although optimal nAb titers can be restored with a booster dose [136,139].…”

Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines

2023

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The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation vaccines failed to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission, partially due to the limited induction of mucosal immunity, leading to the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOC) and breakthrough infections. To meet the challenges from VOC, limited durability, and lack of mucosal immune response of first-generation vaccines, novel approaches are being investigated. Herein, we have discussed the current knowledge pertaining to natural and vaccine-induced immunity, and the role of the mucosal immune response in controlling SARS-CoV2 infection. We have also presented the current status of the novel approaches aimed at eliciting both mucosal and systemic immunity. Finally, we have presented a novel adjuvant-free approach to elicit effective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which lacks the safety concerns associated with live-attenuated vaccine platforms.

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Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccines Against Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines

2023

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has had rapid and widespread international effects since its onset in late December 2019 [1][2][3][4][5]. Aside from the socioeconomic burdens and turmoil generated from its spread, early access to health interventions and prophylactic measures for the virus were limited and ineffective at controlling the spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort

Echeverri Tribin,

Williams,

Testamarck

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rd and 4th doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.

show abstract

“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has had rapid and widespread international effects since its onset in late December 2019 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Aside from the socioeconomic burdens and turmoil generated from its spread, early access to health interventions and prophylactic measures for the virus were limited and ineffective at controlling the spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort

Tribin,

Williams,

Testamarck

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rdand 4thdoses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.

show abstract

COVID-19 Vaccines—All You Want to Know

Cited by 6 publications

References 249 publications

SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines

SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines

Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort

Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort

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