COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Conditions and Future Prospects

Zieneldien, Tarek; Kim, Janice; Cao, Jessica; Cao, Chuanhai

doi:10.3390/biology10100960

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(207 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An unprecedented worldwide vaccination program has been rolled out since December 2020 to combat this devastating disease. The vaccines most commonly used in Switzerland, the European Union and the United States are based on mRNA technology (Cominarty R by Pfizer/BioNTech; Spikevax R by Moderna) or adenovirus vectors (COVID-19 vaccine Janssen R produced by Johnson and Johnson; Vaxzevria R by Oxford/AstraZeneca) (2) and induce an immune response against the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, which is pivotal for viral invasion of host cells (3). Vaccination is an effective tool to prevent infection with the virus, to ameliorate the course of the disease and to reduce the death toll of COVID-19 (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination: Initial Experience in a Tertiary Neurotology Center

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify patients who developed acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy (AUPVP) after COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsFor this single-center, retrospective study, we screened the medical records of our tertiary interdisciplinary neurotology center for patients who had presented with AUPVP within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination (study period: 1 June−31 December 2021). The initial diagnosis of AUPVP was based on a comprehensive bedside neurotological examination. Laboratory vestibular testing (video head impulse test, cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, dynamic visual acuity, subjective visual vertical, video-oculography, caloric testing) was performed 1–5 months later.ResultsTwenty-six patients were diagnosed with AUPVP within the study period. Of those, n = 8 (31%) had developed acute vestibular symptoms within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination (mean interval: 11.9 days, SD: 4.8, range: 6–20) and were thus included in the study. The mean age of the patients (two females, six males) was 46 years (SD: 11.7). Seven patients had received the Moderna mRNA vaccine and one the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine. All patients displayed a horizontal(-torsional) spontaneous nystagmus toward the unaffected ear and a pathological clinical head impulse test toward the affected ear on initial clinical examination. Receptor-specific laboratory vestibular testing performed 1–5 months later revealed recovery of vestibular function in two patients, and heterogeneous lesion patterns of vestibular endorgans in the remaining six patients.Discussion and ConclusionsThe present study should raise clinicians' awareness for AUPVP after COVID-19 vaccination. The relatively high fraction of such cases among our AUPVP patients may be due to a certain selection bias at a tertiary neurotology center. Patients presenting with acute vestibular symptoms should be questioned about their vaccination status and the date of the last vaccination dose. Furthermore, cases of AUPVP occurring shortly after a COVID-19 vaccination should be reported to the health authorities to help determining a possible causal relationship.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination: Initial Experience in a Tertiary Neurotology Center

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While these have become the most widely used vaccines to prevent COVID-19, other types of vaccines have also been developed, such as an inactivated whole viral particle vaccine (Kexing) and recombinant subunit vaccine (Novavax) [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Although the formulation of each vaccines varies, they all aim to block the binding of the S protein to ACE2 and inhibit viral entry into the host cell [ 1 ]. Virologists have proved that the COVID-19 virus surface has spike (S) proteins that can specifically bind to ACE2 through a receptor binding domain (RBD) [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a single-strand positive RNA virus that enables the host cell to directly synthesize proteins upon viral entry and uncoating [ 1 ]. This enables viral replication and the rate of viral spread to occur much more rapidly than other types of viruses [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Effective Peptide-Based Vaccine for COVID-19: Preliminary Studies in Mice Models

Yang

Cao

Lin

et al. 2022

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused massive health and economic disasters worldwide. Although several vaccines have effectively slowed the spread of the virus, their long-term protection and effectiveness against viral variants are still uncertain. To address these potential shortcomings, this study proposes a peptide-based vaccine to prevent COVID-19. A total of 15 B cell epitopes of the wild-type severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein were selected, and their HLA affinities predicted in silico. Peptides were divided into two groups and tested in C57BL/6 mice with either QS21 or Al(OH)3 as the adjuvant. Our results demonstrated that the peptide-based vaccine stimulated high and durable antibody responses in mice, with the T and B cell responses differing based on the type of adjuvant employed. Using epitope mapping, we showed that our peptide-based vaccine produced antibody patterns similar to those in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Moreover, plasma from vaccinated mice and recovered COVID-19 humans had the same neutralizing activity when tested with a pseudo particle assay. Our data indicate that this adjuvant peptide-based vaccine can generate sustainable and effective B and T cell responses. Thus, we believe that our peptide-based vaccine can be a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19, particularly because of the flexibility of including new peptides to prevent emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and avoiding unwanted autoimmune responses.

show abstract

“…Although most of them are still in clinical trials, one plasmid-based vaccine for COVID-19 was recently approved in India [8]. In this regard, it is also worth mentioning that two DNA-based vaccines that use adenovirus as vectors (commercialised by Astra-Zeneca and Janssen) were already approved for clinical use in several countries around the world, including the European Union [9]. This opens good perspectives for the wide use of this vaccine strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Screening of Poly(ethylene glycol) Amino Ligands for Affinity Purification of Plasmid DNA in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Silva

Jorge

Martins

et al. 2021

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gene therapy and DNA vaccination are among the most expected biotechnological and medical advances for the coming years. However, the lack of cost-effective large-scale production and purification of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA (pDNA) still hampers their wide application. Downstream processing, which is mainly chromatography-based, of pDNA remains the key manufacturing step. Despite its high resolution, the scaling-up of chromatography is usually difficult and presents low capacity, resulting in low yields. Alternative methods that are based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been studied. Although higher yields may be obtained, its selectivity is often low. In this work, modified polymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatisation with amino groups (PEG–amine) or conjugation with positively charged amino acids (PEG–lysine, PEG–arginine, and PEG–histidine) were studied to increase the selectivity of PEG–dextran systems towards the partition of a model plasmid. A two-step strategy was employed to obtain suitable pure formulations of pDNA. In the first step, a PEG–dextran system with the addition of the affinity ligand was used with the recovery of the pDNA in the PEG-rich phase. Then, the pDNA was re-extracted to an ammonium-sulphate-rich phase in the second step. After removing the salt, this method yielded a purified preparation of pDNA without RNA and protein contamination.

show abstract

COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Conditions and Future Prospects

Cited by 19 publications

References 156 publications

Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination: Initial Experience in a Tertiary Neurotology Center

Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination: Initial Experience in a Tertiary Neurotology Center

Developing an Effective Peptide-Based Vaccine for COVID-19: Preliminary Studies in Mice Models

Initial Screening of Poly(ethylene glycol) Amino Ligands for Affinity Purification of Plasmid DNA in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About