Covid-19 Vaccines in Iraq

Abstract

The emergence of the new corona virus ("SARS-CoV-2") in the late 2019 threatened the whole world and scientists throughout the word began searching for biological activities of the virus , During an unprecedented record period that did not exceed one year, scientists were able to develop a number of safe and effective vaccines , which have been tested on tens of thousands of volunteers around the world. Different companies prepared many vaccines and few of them get emergency approval by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used in different countries. The aim of the current study is to describe COVID 19 vaccines, structures, efficacy and safety used in Iraq. Three vaccines (Pfizer,Biontech vaccine, AstraZenica,Oxford vaccine and Sinopharm,vaccine) are used to vaccinate people. All used vaccines showed variable effectiveness with different antibody titers. The ideal vaccine should be cheap, prophylactic, prevent congenital abnormalities, control the disease and eradicate it and be effective at all ages, at different health conditions and its effect is its effect lasts for a long time.

Biochemical Action of Vaccines in Iraqi Patients with COVID-19 Infection

“…At the end of 2019 , a newly diagnosed coronavirus named ( SARS-CoV-2 virus ) has invaded and caused COVID-19 infections , its outbreak began in China and developed quickly to be declared by the world health organization (WHO) as a dangerous pandemic in March 2020. 1 Medically , Coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus 2 called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2). 2 COVID-19 infection is mostly featured by difficulty breathing , fever and headache and is associated with many complications which resulted in severe fatigue leading to hospital and admission and sometimes uncontrolled cases developed into death.…”

“…6 If the systemic inflammation increased in severe cases of COVID-19 , anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG and IgM level is increased in patients blood. 7 Despite the safety and effectiveness of a number of novel vaccines , 1 mutations of different strains of this virus result in new waves of appearance which cause partial vaccine resistance. 3 COVID-19 vaccines admitted and confirmed by World Health Organization (WHO) play a great role by supporting the immune system to fight pathogens via releasing specialized immune responses.…”

“…Indeed, it takes several weeks after taking vaccines for the body to produce these antibodies and T-cells. 1 Pfizer Biontech, AstraZeneca Oxford and Sinopharm were the major introduced and popular vaccines in the world. Regardless of the partial activity and the side effects, vaccines are the only and the best way to overcome COVID-19.…”

Qualitative and Quantitative study of Epipelic diatoms in Tigris River within Wasit province, Iraq

“…water and sediments of the studied site, and the composition and abundance of species are also related to the trophic state and velocity of water in the site [18]. The dominance of diatoms within the epipelic algae is a known phenomenon recorded by the studies [19]; [20]; [21]; [22], and because they are adaptive to low illumination compared to other algae clusters present in the water surface [23].The differences in the proportions between the sites studied on the Tigris River may be due to the different environments inhabited by these diatoms or as a result of different exposure to pollutants and nutrients in addition to the different conditions that are exposed to them, including predators [24].As may be due to high temperature, low flow velocity and increase the appropriate lighting and the availability of nutrients from the decomposition of organic matter in the sedimentary sediments, which reflects positively on the process of photosynthesis and on the growth and multiplication and increased numbers [25], as the results of the present study on the river common some of the genera, such as Nitzschia, Navicula, Mastigloia, Gyrosigma and Amphora, are of different species, because the water of the river is low salinity, hard and basic in nature. The emergence of the following species during the present study with a large number of species: Cymbella, Amphora, Caloneis, Gomphonema, Fragilaria, Navicula, Nitzschia and Synedra agrees with the study of epipelic diatoms in the Tigris River [9].Changes in sediment quality, nutrient availability and salinity affect the diversity of diatoms in the body of the water surface [26].…”

“…They have adhesion to submersible surfaces and are more stable on benthic sediments and are more adaptive to environmental conditions at the bottom [30]. Also increased grazing rate and flow velocity that move the bottom sediments, which increase the turbidity that obscures the light enough for growing diatoms [21].…”