Covid-19: Where are we on immunity and vaccines?

Mahase, Elisabeth

doi:10.1136/bmj.m3096

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Currently, several vaccines and therapeutic agents are in use for COVID-19 infection prevention and treatment. Vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson's Janssen, AstraZeneca are authorized and recommended for COVID-19 infection prevention [ 8 – 10 ].…”

Section: Drug Repurposing For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment

Kifle

Ayele

Enyew

2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it speedily expanded globally. Some medications which are used to treat other diseases seem to be effective in treating COVID-19 even without explicit support. The existing drugs that are summarized in this review primarily focused on therapeutic agents that possessed activity against other RNA viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a promising field in drug discovery that identifies new therapeutic opportunities for existing drugs such as corticosteroids, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, interferons, protease inhibitors, ivermectin, melatonin, teicoplanin, and some others. A search for new drug/drug targets is underway. Thus, blocking coronavirus structural protein, targeting viral enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and membrane fusion blocker (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and CD147 inhibitor) are major sites based on molecular targets for the management of COVID-19 infection. The possible impact of biologics for the management of COVID19 is promising and includes a wide variety of options such as cytokines, nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression, bioengineered and vectored antibodies, and various types of vaccines. This review demonstrates that the available data are not sufficient to suggest any treatment for the eradication of COVID-19 to be used at the clinical level. This article aims to review the roles of existing drugs and drug targets for COVID-19 treatment.

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Section: Drug Repurposing For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment

Kifle

Ayele

Enyew

2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Russia purports to have developed a vaccine for COVID-19 which has shown 'sustainable immunity' against the virus based on phase one and two trials (Burke, 2020) and which may be used before the end of 2020 but these findings have been contested by the World Health Organisation in terms of how rigorous the evaluation has been and whether it is legitimate not to wait for evidence from phase three trials (Burke, 2020;Mahase, 2020). Similar concern has been lodged about the language of haste adopted by the US government in the run up to the 2020 presidential election.…”

Section: Uncertainties and Regulatory Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hopes, hesitancy and the risky business of vaccine development

Calnan

Douglass

2020

Health, Risk & Society

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“…The Ad5-nCoV candidate from Chinese company CanSino biologics was shown in early clinical trial data to induce significant antibody and T cell responses after a single dose and to have only rare instances of severe side effects that were more prevalent among the higher dose groups (302,303). The Chinese government has recently approved the vaccine for use among its members of the armed forces (304). Additionally, the Ad26.COV2.S from Johnson & Johnson induced antibody and T cell responses in rhesus macaques after a single dose, and antibody titers negatively correlated with viral titers during viral challenge (305).…”

Section: The Live Bacteria-mediated Plasmid Delivery System Bactrl-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development

et al. 2020

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Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the development of successful vaccines against them is inherently difficult. In addition, vaccine development for people with compromised immunity and other pre-existing medical conditions has remained a major challenge. Besides the traditional inactivated or live attenuated, virus-vectored and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, such as viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer innovative approaches to address existing challenges of vaccine development. They have also significantly advanced our understanding of vaccine immunology and can guide future vaccine development for many diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and diseases that have not traditionally been addressed by vaccination, such as cancers and substance abuse. This review provides an integrative discussion of new non-viral vaccine development technologies and their use to address the most fundamental and ongoing challenges of vaccine development.

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Covid-19: Where are we on immunity and vaccines?

Abstract: As covid-19 vaccine trials begin to report early results and research papers on immunity shed more light on the situation, Elisabeth Mahase looks at what we know so far

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment

Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment

Hopes, hesitancy and the risky business of vaccine development

Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development

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