COVID-TRACK: world and USA SARS-COV-2 testing and COVID-19 tracking

Zohner, Ye Emma; Morris, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1186/s13040-021-00233-2

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Each question is rated as low risk of bias if the study has considered the bias or high risk if the study may be biased, where a score of 1 is given. The overall score summarises the study as low (0-3), moderate (4)(5)(6) or high (7-10) risk of bias.…”

Section: Study Quality Assessment and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variations in the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes in pregnant women by geographical region and country’s income status: a meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe prevalence of COVID-19 and its impact varied between countries and regions. Pregnant women are at high risk of COVID-19 complications compared with non-pregnant women. The magnitude of variations, if any, in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and its health outcomes among pregnant women by geographical regions and country’s income level is not known.MethodsWe performed a random-effects meta-analysis as part of the ongoing PregCOV-19 living systematic review (December 2019 to April 2021). We included cohort studies on pregnant women with COVID-19 reporting maternal (mortality, intensive care admission and preterm birth) and offspring (mortality, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care admission) outcomes and grouped them by World Bank geographical region and income level. We reported results as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsWe included 311 studies (2 003 724 pregnant women, 57 countries). The rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women varied significantly by region (p<0.001) and income level (p<0.001), with the highest rates observed in Latin America and the Caribbean (19%, 95% CI 12% to 27%; 13 studies, 38 748 women) and lower-middle-income countries (13%, 95% CI 6% to 23%; 25 studies, 100 080 women). We found significant differences in maternal and offspring outcomes by region and income level. Lower-middle-income countries reported significantly higher rates of maternal mortality (0.68%, 95% CI 0.24% to 1.27%; 3 studies, 31 136 women), intensive care admission (4.53%, 95% CI 2.57% to 6.91%; 54 studies, 23 420 women) and stillbirths (1.09%, 95% CI 0.48% to 1.88%; 41 studies, 4724 women) than high-income countries. COVID-19 complications disproportionately affected South Asia, which had the highest maternal mortality rate (0.88%, 95% CI 0.16% to 1.95%; 17 studies, 2023 women); Latin America and the Caribbean had the highest stillbirth rates (1.97%, 95% CI 0.9% to 3.33%; 10 studies, 1750 women).ConclusionThe rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women vary globally, and its health outcomes mirror the COVID-19 burden and global maternal and offspring inequalities.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020178076.

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Section: Study Quality Assessment and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variations in the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes in pregnant women by geographical region and country’s income status: a meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Voluntary and mandated quarantine, ban of mass gatherings and large events, closing schools and workplaces, and isolation of households/regions were some of the measures applied by governments to reduce diseases' mortality [1][2][3][4][5]. Pandemics and epidemics also showed that such diseases can have a significant toll on the economies [1, [3][4][5][6][7]. For this reason, countries and regions have to decide which mitigation measures to implement and when to apply them in order to avoid reaching peaks that would overwhelm healthcare services but also to define measures acting as moderators of the disease negative effects on the economy, a balance that is not easy to reach [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a comprehensive diagnosis perspective, the use of data science and machine learning methods and techniques constitutes an opportunity for research to achieve this purpose. Specifically, open data being shared by reputable organizations allow for almost real-time access to detailed data across the world and enable imperative data collection and analysis to be performed in order to advance with the necessary understanding and decision-making [4,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Worldwide Profiles during the First 250 Days

2021

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The present COVID-19 pandemic is happening in a strongly interconnected world. This interconnection explains why it became universal in such a short period of time and why it stimulated the creation of a large amount of relevant open data. In this paper, we use data science tools to explore this open data from the moment the pandemic began and across the first 250 days of prevalence before vaccination started. The use of unsupervised machine learning techniques allowed us to identify three clusters of countries and territories with similar profiles of standardized COVID-19 time dynamics. Although countries and territories in the three clusters share some characteristics, their composition is not homogenous. All these clusters contain countries from different geographies and with different development levels. The use of descriptive statistics and data visualization techniques enabled the description and understanding of where and how COVID-19 was impacting. Some interesting extracted features are discussed and suggestions for future research in this area are also presented.

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“…Although well-done, randomized clinical trials are needed urgently to test potential therapies including HCQ once the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of HCQ are fully understood for the identification of an effective and safe therapeutic regimen for treatment of patients, we decided to study the potential mechanism(s) in an animal model, in anticipation of any benefits, if at all, regarding repurposing of HCQ in treating viral infections such as COVID-19 [32][33][34][35][36]. It is known that chloroquine (CQ) inhibits MMPs activity, endothelial hyperpermeability and by doing so it stops the leakage [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The mechanism(s) of action of CQ or its derivatives are still being worked out because they are not yet fully elucidated [54][55][56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Blood–Heart-Barrier Leakage: Implications for COVID-19 Induced Cardiovascular Injury

Homme

George

Singh

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Although blood–heart-barrier (BHB) leakage is the hallmark of congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure (CHF), the primary cause of death in elderly, and during viral myocarditis resulting from the novel coronavirus variants such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19, the mechanism is unclear. The goal of this project is to determine the mechanism of the BHB in CHF. Endocardial endothelium (EE) is the BHB against leakage of blood from endocardium to the interstitium; however, this BHB is broken during CHF. Previous studies from our laboratory, and others have shown a robust activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) during CHF. MMP-9 degrades the connexins leading to EE dysfunction. We demonstrated juxtacrine coupling of EE with myocyte and mitochondria (Mito) but how it works still remains at large. To test whether activation of MMP-9 causes EE barrier dysfunction, we hypothesized that if that were the case then treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could, in fact, inhibit MMP-9, and thus preserve the EE barrier/juxtacrine signaling, and synchronous endothelial-myocyte coupling. To determine this, CHF was created by aorta-vena cava fistula (AVF) employing the mouse as a model system. The sham, and AVF mice were treated with HCQ. Cardiac hypertrophy, tissue remodeling-induced mitochondrial-myocyte, and endothelial-myocyte contractions were measured. Microvascular leakage was measured using FITC-albumin conjugate. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography (Echo). Results suggest that MMP-9 activation, endocardial endothelial leakage, endothelial-myocyte (E-M) uncoupling, dyssynchronous mitochondrial fusion-fission (Mfn2/Drp1 ratio), and mito-myocyte uncoupling in the AVF heart failure were found to be rampant; however, treatment with HCQ successfully mitigated some of the deleterious cardiac alterations during CHF. The findings have direct relevance to the gamut of cardiac manifestations, and the resultant phenotypes arising from the ongoing complications of COVID-19 in human subjects.

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COVID-TRACK: world and USA SARS-COV-2 testing and COVID-19 tracking

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Global variations in the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes in pregnant women by geographical region and country’s income status: a meta-analysis

Global variations in the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes in pregnant women by geographical region and country’s income status: a meta-analysis

COVID-19: Worldwide Profiles during the First 250 Days

Mechanism of Blood–Heart-Barrier Leakage: Implications for COVID-19 Induced Cardiovascular Injury

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