COVID vaccines to reach poorest countries in 2023 — despite recent pledges

Padma, T. V.

doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01762-w

Cited by 76 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed to globally control the spread of COVID-19 [1; 2]. Novel vaccines based on mRNA and adenovirus-vector platforms [3; 4; 5, 6; 7; 8] and more traditional vaccines-as whole inactivated virus or protein subunit vaccines- [9; 10; 11; 12] have fulfilled the required efficacy threshold (≥ 50%) [2] and received emergency use authorizations; however, less than 5% of doses administered worldwide have gone to low-income countries [13,14]. More than 100 COVID-19 vaccines are under clinical evaluation [15]; their success would be essential for reducing inequity in vaccine distribution worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine SOBERANA 02 in homologous or heterologous scheme

Toledo-Romaní¹,

Sanchez²,

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundSOBERANA 02 is a COVID-19 conjugate vaccine candidate based on SARS-CoV-2 recombinant RBD conjugated to tetanus toxoid. SOBERANA Plus antigen is dimeric-RBD. Here we report safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity from phase I and IIa clinical trials using two-doses SOBERANA 02 (homologous protocol) and three-doses (homologous) or heterologous (with SOBERANA Plus) protocols.MethodWe performed an open-label, monocentric, sequential and adaptive phase I for evaluating safety, reactogenicity and exploring immunogenicity of SOBERANA 02 in two formulations (15 and 25 μg) in 40 subjects, 19–59 years old. Phase IIa was open-label including 100 volunteers 19–80 years, receiving two doses of SOBERANA 02-25 μg. In both trials, half of volunteers received a third dose of SOBERANA 02, half received a heterologous dose of SOBERANA Plus-50 μg. Primary outcomes were safety and reactogenicity. The secondary outcome was vaccine immunogenicity evaluated by anti-RBD IgG ELISA, molecular neutralization test of RBD:hACE2 interaction, live-virus neutralization test and specific T-cells response.ResultsThe most frequent AE was local pain, other AEs had frequencies ≤ 5%. No serious related AEs were reported. Phase IIa confirmed the safety results in 60–80 years subjects. In phase-I SOBERANA 02-25µg elicited higher immune response than SOBERANA 02-15 µg; in consequence, the higher dose progressed to phase IIa. Phase IIa results confirmed the immunogenicity of SOBERANA 02-25 μg even in 60–80 age range. Two doses of SOBERANA02-25 μg elicited an immune response similar to that of the Cuban Convalescent Serum Panel; it was higher after both the homologous and heterologous third doses; the heterologous scheme showing a higher immunological response.ConclusionsSOBERANA 02 was safe and immunogenic in persons aged 19–80 years, eliciting neutralizing antibodies and specific T cell response. Highest immune responses were obtained in the heterologous three doses protocol. Trial registry: https://rpcec.sld.cu/trials/RPCEC00000340 and https://rpcec.sld.cu/trials/RPCEC00000347

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine SOBERANA 02 in homologous or heterologous scheme

Toledo-Romaní¹,

Sanchez²,

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The proportion of the population who had been fully vaccinated was 28% globally, 49% in Europe (59% in the European Union), 43% in North America, 32% in South America, 29% in Asia and 3% in Africa (Mathieu et al, 2021). These values illustrate sharply the global inequity in access to COVID-19 vaccines, which is allowing spread of the virus to continue in unvaccinated populations and increasing the risk of emergence of new variants (Padma, 2021).…”

Section: Vaccine Candidates Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from more than a century of pandemics and current vaccine development for pandemic control

Buchy¹,

Buisson

Cintra

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Pandemic dynamics and health care responses are markedly different during the COVID-19 pandemic than in earlier outbreaks. Compared with established infectious disease such as influenza, we currently know relatively little about the origin, reservoir, cross-species transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Health care services, drug availability, laboratory testing, research capacity and global governance are more advanced than during 20th century pandemics, although COVID-19 has highlighted significant gaps. The risk of zoonotic transmission and an associated new pandemic is rising substantially. COVID-19 vaccine development has been done at unprecedented speed, with the usual sequential steps done in parallel. The pandemic has illustrated the feasibility of this approach and the benefits of a globally coordinated response and infrastructure. Some of the COVID-19 vaccines recently developed or currently in development might offer flexibility or sufficiently broad protection to swiftly respond to antigenic drift or emergence of new coronaviruses. Yet many challenges remain, including the large-scale production of sufficient quantity of vaccines, delivery of vaccines to all countries and ensuring vaccination of relevant age groups. This wide vaccine technology approach will be best employed in tandem with active surveillance for emerging variants or new pathogens using antigen mapping, metagenomics and next generation sequencing.

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“…According to the World Health Organization's Africa Office, just over 1% of Africans are fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Moreover, experts predict that it may take until 2023 for the vaccine to reach some of the world's poorest countries [4]. Similar to the woman in the aforementioned vignette, given limited vaccine access, individuals living in some parts of the world who are already taking medications for chronic diseases now find themselves being prescribed antibiotic, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents to help manage their COVID-19 infections.…”

Section: Polypharmacy In the African Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypharmacy Exposure, Aging Populations, and COVID-19: Considerations for Healthcare Providers and Public Health Practitioners in Africa

Nwanaji‐Enwerem

Boyer

Olufadeji

2021

IJERPH

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Given the continent’s growing aging population and expanding prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy is an increasingly dire threat to the health of persons living in Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated these issues. Widespread misinformation, lack of vaccine access, and attempts to avoid being infected have resulted in increases in Africans’ willingness to take multiple prescription and nonprescription medications and supplements. Issues with counterfeit pharmaceuticals and the relatively new recognition of emergency medicine as a specialty across the continent also create unique challenges for addressing this urgent public health need. Experts have called for more robust pharmaceutical regulation and healthcare/public health infrastructure investments across the continent. However, these changes take time, and more near-term strategies are needed to mitigate current health needs. In this commentary, we present a nonexhaustive set of immediately implementable recommendations that can serve as local strategies to address current polypharmacy-related health needs of Africans. Importantly, our recommendations take into consideration that not all healthcare providers are emergency medicine trained and that local trends related to polypharmacy will change over time and require ever-evolving public health initiatives. Still, by bolstering training to safeguard against provider availability biases, practicing evidence-based prescribing and shared decision making, and tracking and sharing local trends related to polypharmacy, African healthcare providers and public health practitioners can better position themselves to meet population needs. Furthermore, although these recommendations are tailored to Africans, they may also prove useful to providers and practitioners in other regions facing similar challenges.

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COVID vaccines to reach poorest countries in 2023 — despite recent pledges

Abstract: Vaccine promises from richer nations are not enough to bring an early end to the pandemic, experts say.

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Safety and immunogenicity of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine SOBERANA 02 in homologous or heterologous scheme

Safety and immunogenicity of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine SOBERANA 02 in homologous or heterologous scheme

COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from more than a century of pandemics and current vaccine development for pandemic control

Polypharmacy Exposure, Aging Populations, and COVID-19: Considerations for Healthcare Providers and Public Health Practitioners in Africa

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