Cow's Milk Allergy, Incidence and Pathogenetic Role of Early Exposure to Cow's Milk Formula

Stintzing, G; Zetterström, Rolf

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb05024.x

Cited by 100 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As already reported (Nespoli et al, 1993), we have found an increased incidence of IgG antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin in the serum of people with Down syndrome compared with a control group, and an incidence which overlaps that of the general population (Walker-Smith, 1975;Stintzing & Zetterstrom, 1979;Host, 1994). Our most interesting result is the 100% specificity of IgG antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin for the diagnosis of CMPI and the increased frequency below age 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

See 1 more Smart Citation

IGG Antibodies to Beta-Lactoglobulin and Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance in Down Syndrome

Failla¹,

Barone²,

Pettinato³

et al. 1998

Downs Syndr. Res. Pract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Its incidence ranges from 0.3 to 7.5%, depending upon diagnostic criteria and clinical features (Walker-Smith, 1975;Stintzing & Zetterstrom, 1979;Host, 1994). The absence of a reliable and specific test and the large variability of symptoms has produced many different diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGG Antibodies to Beta-Lactoglobulin and Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance in Down Syndrome

Failla¹,

Barone²,

Pettinato³

et al. 1998

Downs Syndr. Res. Pract.

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“…These factors are agedependent, as CMA is acquired in early life and lost later on. A combination of massive exposure to CM proteins and deficient local production of immunoglobulins (87, 97), which takes place when infants are not breast fed at all, favours excessive absorption of CMA antigen ( 1 17), and later such children frequently show CMA (25,108). Other conditions that lead to increased CM antigen absorption have been reported to precede the clinical symptoms of CMA: infective gastroenteritis, prematurity, and surgery of the gastrointestinal tract (47, 92).…”

Section: Eosinophils In C M Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Cow's Milk Allergy

Savilahti

1981

Allergy

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By the end of the last century prevention of waterborne infections by chlorination of water supplies, pasteurization of cow's milk (CM) and production of suitable, easily cleaned bottles and nipples for infants had made artificial infant feeding a relatively safe procedure. But in the early years of the present century unexplained difficulties were reported in infants fed with cow's milk; some of them had continuous diarrhoea and failed to thrive (103). It was speculated that such infants had difficulty in digesting foreign proteins, although they could readily assimilate those in breast milk. In the following years cases of anaphylactic shock caused by CM were described, one of them with a fatal outcome (29). Animal studies showed that one species produced precipitins to proteins of milk from another species, and this type of reaction to the foreign structure of CM proteins was presumed to account for the symptoms seen in infants (29). In 1906, precipitins to CM were found in blood from a marasmic infant fed with CM (80). A year later reports appeared describing successful desensitization: injections of small quantities of cow serum cured and prevented hypersensitivity to oral CM and its symptoms (102). This was not a solution to the problem, however, as treatment with serum caused severe reactions (95). The mechanism and components of C M causing these reactions were debated. Wernstedt suggested that the symptoms were due to altered reactivity to CM because of earlier contact with it, and proposed that it should be called allergy (119). Subsequently, the intestinal symptoms were shown to be caused by the whey fraction of CM (42). They were noted to vary in severity and disappeared with increasing age. A decade later (1921) urticaria was described as a symptom of CM hypersensitivity (104). By the 1930's and 40's however, CMA was considered a rare disease ( I 12), but the decrease in breast feeding in most developed countries has made cow's milk allergy (CMA) an important cause of infant morbidity and one of the best known and most frequently encountered problems in current infant feeding practices. DEFINITIONThe majority of infants can be reared on CM formulas without untoward effects. However, sensitive immunochemical methods show that they do react to the foreign proteins in CM. When the immunologic reactions to CM are associated with clinical symptoms, the child can be said to be allergic to CM (89). Obviously, the simplest and the most convincing way to verify cow's milk allergy (CMA) would be to demonstrate this either abnormally strong or qualitatively altered immune reaction to C M proteins. As yet, however, this cannot be done by any single test or combination of tests. Therefore the diagnosis of CMA has to be based on the clinical response to CM. In most cases it is enough to observe a favourable response to elimination of CM, reappearance of symptoms during one challenge test and their -disappearance on renewed elimination. When symptoms are severe it is unethical to perform more than one challenge.Ot...

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“…Incidences of 0.5–7.5% of newborn or young children suffering from milk allergy, i.e. with immediate-type reaction symptoms, have been reported [1, 2]. Most other studies have stated an average incidence of 2–3% in the whole population of infants under 1 year of age [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of the Human IgE Response to the Different Purified Caseins in Allergy to Cow’s Milk Proteins

Bernard¹,

Créminon²,

Yvon³

et al. 1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Cow’s milk is one of the most frequent food allergens. Whole casein appears to be highly allergenic. It corresponds to an association of four different proteins, α_s1-, α_s2-, β- and *-caseins in approximate proportions of 40, 10, 40, and 10%, respectively. Methods: These different components were thus purified and used as immobilized antigens in an original enzyme immunoassay to measure specific serum IgE response in a population of 58 children (median age 11 months) allergic to cow’s milk who were sensitive to whole casein. Results: A great variability was observed in the affinity and specificity of specific IgE responses in milk-allergic patients’ sera. 85% of the patients presented IgE against each of the four caseins. Statistically higher amounts of specific IgE were found to be directed against the most abundant fractions (α_s1- and β-casein). Co- and/or cross-sensitization to the different caseins were seen in most of the patients sensitive to whole casein. Conclusion: These results suggest that both distinct and common epitopes may occur on these different caseins. The major site of phosphorylation which is the most conserved domain in three caseins could be involved in the IgE response to casein and in immunocross-reactivity between these proteins.

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Cow's Milk Allergy, Incidence and Pathogenetic Role of Early Exposure to Cow's Milk Formula

Cited by 100 publications

References 7 publications

IGG Antibodies to Beta-Lactoglobulin and Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance in Down Syndrome

IGG Antibodies to Beta-Lactoglobulin and Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance in Down Syndrome

Cow's Milk Allergy

Specificity of the Human IgE Response to the Different Purified Caseins in Allergy to Cow’s Milk Proteins

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