Cowpea yield variation in three dominant soil types in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa

Iseki, Kazuo; Ikazaki, Kenta; Batieno, Benoît Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108012

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, due to the limitation of the research budget, soil analyses were not performed in this study. The soil fertility and the soil type of the target filed is also important for cowpea yield and/or fertilizer application [42]. However, the soil fertility and soil types are distributed in "mosaic" patterns in Burkina Faso and the Sudan Savanna area [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil fertility and the soil type of the target filed is also important for cowpea yield and/or fertilizer application [42]. However, the soil fertility and soil types are distributed in "mosaic" patterns in Burkina Faso and the Sudan Savanna area [42]. Therefore, it is also important that the selection of genotypes improve the long-term stable yields across diverse soil types in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High Plant Density and the Split Application of Chemical Fertilizer Increased the Grain and Protein Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2022

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In West Africa, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important source of protein for many people. To meet the protein demands, the cowpea yields per unit area and its seed protein content must be increased. We evaluated the effects of the planting density and topdressing (fertilisation) timing on the cowpea yield and its protein content. High density (HD: 40 × 40 cm) and super high density (SHD: 40 × 20 cm) plantings were the most efficient approaches for enhancing cowpea yields. Across different regions in Burkina Faso, under such approaches, the yield significantly increased by as much as 214.5%, with an average value of 88.9%. Fertilisation was not required to achieve the significant increases in cowpea production following dense planting. Although the yield increased, the seed weight per plant decreased with the increase in planting density. Applying topdressing when the plants started flowering increased the seed protein content significantly by up to 24.4%. Simple and robust technologies, such as high-density planting and topdressing, can be rapidly disseminated for increased cowpea yields and protein content improvement for Burkina Faso and for other countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Plant Density and the Split Application of Chemical Fertilizer Increased the Grain and Protein Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2022

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“…The solar radiation around the 50% flowering (40 and 42 DAS in 2018 and 2019, respectively) in this study was relatively lower in 2019 than in 2018. Therefore, solar radiation can be an important factor limiting the pod number and consequently the grain yield as described by Tesfaye et al (51), even though the annual yield variation of cowpea in this region was reported to be primarily caused by a difference in the amount of available soil water (35).…”

Section: Annual Differences In Grain Yield and P Uptakementioning

confidence: 92%

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

et al. 2022

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Development of local P fertilizers using low-grade phosphate rock (PR) is expected to overcome the low-stagnated crop yield in Sub-Saharan Africa. Calcination and partial acidulation methods have been proposed to increase the phosphate (P) solubility of PRs. However, the effects of fertilization with calcinated PR (CPR) and partially acidulated PR (PAPR) on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivation are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment in Burkina Faso to identify the differences in sorghum and cowpea responses to CPR and PAPR application. The following eight treatments were applied with six replicates using a complete randomized block design: control without P fertilization, two types of CP (CPs), triple superphosphate (TSP) as a positive control for CPs, three types of PAPR with different degrees of acidulation (PAPRs), and single superphosphate (SSP) as a positive control for PAPRs. SSP mostly comprised of water-soluble P fraction (WP), TSP and PAPRs of WP and alkaline ammonium citrate-soluble P fraction (SP), and CPRs of SP and 2% citric acid-soluble P fraction (CP). Their solubility was in the order WP > SP > CP. The fertilization effects were evaluated by P use efficiency (PUE). In 2019, the biomass and P uptake of sorghum was decreased by the low available soil water at the early growth stage. On the contrary, cowpea survived the low available soil water because of its shorter growing period compared to sorghum. P fertilization significantly increased the grain yields. However, the effect size differed according to the crop and fertilizer types. The SP, along with WP, significantly contributed to the PUE and grain yield of sorghum, whereas only WP contributed to the PUE of cowpea. Therefore, CPs, mainly consisting of SP and CP, had a disadvantage compared to TSP, especially for cowpea. We thus concluded that PAPRs are effective for sorghum and would be effective for cowpea when the acidulation level is sufficiently high. We also conclude that the long growing period of sorghum is favorable for absorbing slow-release P, but is unfavorable for the variable rainfall often observed in this region.

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“…Higher or excessive soil water availability do not always favor cowpea growth. In a field study done in the Sudan Savanna zone taking genotype environment interaction into focus, (Iseki et al, 2021) reported that excess water can inhibit the nitrogen-fixing capability of cowpea and lower its productivity.…”

Section: Waterlogging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability

Omomowo

Babalola

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Providing safe and secure food for an increasing number of people globally is challenging. Coping with such a human population by merely applying the conventional agricultural production system has not proved to be agro-ecologically friendly; nor is it sustainable. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is a multi-purpose legume. It consists of high-quality protein for human consumption, and it is rich in protein for livestock fodder. It enriches the soil in that it recycles nutrients through the fixation of nitrogen in association with nodulating bacteria. However, the productivity of this multi-functional, indigenous legume that is of great value to African smallholder farmers and the rural populace, and also to urban consumers and entrepreneurs, is limited. Because cowpea is of strategic importance in Africa, there is a need to improve on its productivity. Such endeavors in Africa are wrought with challenges that include drought, salinity, the excessive demand among farmers for synthetic chemicals, the repercussions of climate change, declining soil nutrients, microbial infestations, pest issues, and so forth. Nevertheless, giant strides have already been made and there have already been improvements in adopting sustainable and smart biotechnological approaches that are favorably influencing the production costs of cowpea and its availability. As such, the prospects for a leap in cowpea productivity in Africa and in the enhancement of its genetic gain are good. Potential and viable means for overcoming some of the above-mentioned production constraints would be to focus on the key cowpea producer nations in Africa and to encourage them to embrace biotechnological techniques in an integrated approach to enhance for sustainable productivity. This review highlights the spectrum of constraints that limit the cowpea yield, but looks ahead of the constraints and seeks a way forward to improve cowpea productivity in Africa. More importantly, this review investigates applications and insights concerning mechanisms of action for implementing eco-friendly biotechnological techniques, such as the deployment of bio inoculants, applying climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, agricultural conservation techniques, and multi-omics smart technology in the spheres of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for improving cowpea yields and productivity to achieve sustainable agro-ecosystems, and ensuring their stability.

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Cowpea yield variation in three dominant soil types in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

A High Plant Density and the Split Application of Chemical Fertilizer Increased the Grain and Protein Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

A High Plant Density and the Split Application of Chemical Fertilizer Increased the Grain and Protein Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability

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