Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam, 2008–2017: Essential information for rational vaccine design

Hoa-Tran, Thi Nguyen; Dao, Anh; Kataoka, Chikako; Takemura, Taichiro; Pham, Chau Ha; Vu, Hung Manh; Hong, Ta Thi Thu; Ha, Nguyen Thi Viet; Dương, Trần Như; Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hien; Shimizu, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.031

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…And Loop prediction is consistent with neutralizing linear epitopes from previous report (Xu et al, 2017). Thus, D3 strain is a candidate for developing a CVA6 vaccine (Hoa-Tran et al, 2020). The CVA6 D3 subtype epidemic strains exhibit stronger transmission ability, infectivity and virulence, which might be associated with a CVA6 epidemic (Song et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Since 2008, genotype D3 strain gradually becomes the main epidemic strain worldwide. In addition, although sporadic substitutions were found among a few CVA6 epidemic strains, the amino acid sequences were highly conservative by predicted putative functional loops located in the VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1 of CVA6 ( Hoa-Tran et al., 2020 ). And Loop prediction is consistent with neutralizing linear epitopes from previous report ( Xu et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And Loop prediction is consistent with neutralizing linear epitopes from previous report ( Xu et al., 2017 ). Thus, D3 strain is a candidate for developing a CVA6 vaccine ( Hoa-Tran et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B2 circulated from 2004 to 2007 in Guangdong, China; D1 and D2 circulated in Japan in 1999 and in France and Spain from 2008 to 2010 and in Japan and mainland of China from 2006 to 2011, respectively. Since 2008, D3 strains gradually become the predominant strains in Finland, Spain, France, Japan, and China ( Song et al., 2017 ; Hoa-Tran et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Liu

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is a key pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). However, there are currently no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for treating infections caused by CVA6. In this study, human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), African green monkey kidney (Vero), and human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast (KMB17) cells were used to isolate CVA6 from 327 anal swab and fecal samples obtained during HFMD monitoring between 2009 and 2017. The VP1 genes of the isolates were sequenced and genotyped, and the biological characteristics of the representative CVA6 strains were analyzed. A total of 37 CVA6 strains of the D3 gene subtypes were isolated from RD cells, all of which belonged to the epidemic strains in mainland China. Using the adaptive culture method, 10 KMB17 cell-adapted strains were obtained; however, no Vero cell-adapted strains were acquired. Among the KMB17 cell-adapted strains, only KYN-A1205 caused disease or partial death in suckling mice, and its virulence was stronger than its RD cell-adapted strain. The pathogenic KYN-A1205 strain caused strong tropism to the muscle tissue and led to pathological changes, including muscle necrosis and nuclear fragmentation in the forelimb and hindlimb. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the KYN-A1205 strain exhibited multiple amino acid mutations after KMB17 cell adaptation. Moreover, it showed strong pathogenicity, good immunogenicity and genetic stability, and could be used as an experimental CVA6 vaccine candidate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Liu

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…During the last decade, coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been implicated in large outbreaks with atypical HFMD cases. [ 10 , 11 ] However, the risk of severe neurological complications due to CV-A6 would be relatively lower than EV-A71. Currently, multivalent vaccines containing different NPEV antigens are being developed in China and other countries, but further vaccine and vaccination strategies need to be established based on the sensitive disease and enterovirus surveillance and careful evaluation of disease burden in the enterovirus-associated diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated enterovirus A71 vaccines and moving forward

Shimizu

2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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The impact of anti‐COVID‐19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease—A spatiotemporal perspective in Xi'an, northwestern China

Shen

Sun

Song

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Growing evidence has shown that anti‐COVID‐19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can support prevention and control of various infectious diseases, including intestinal diseases. However, most studies focused on the short‐term mitigating impact and neglected the dynamic impact over time. This study is aimed to investigate the dynamic impact of anti‐COVID‐19 NPIs on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) over time in Xi'an City, northwestern China. Based on the surveillance data of HFMD, meteorological and web search data, Bayesian Structural Time Series model and interrupted time series analysis were performed to quantitatively measure the impact of NPIs in sequent phases with different intensities and to predict the counterfactual number of HFMD cases. From 2013 to 2021, a total number of 172,898 HFMD cases were reported in Xi'an. In 2020, there appeared a significant decrease in HFMD incidence (−94.52%, 95% CI: −97.54% to −81.95%) in the first half of the year and the peak period shifted from June to October by a small margin of 6.74% compared to the previous years of 2013 to 2019. In 2021, the seasonality of HFMD incidence gradually returned to the bimodal temporal variation pattern with a significant average decline of 61.09%. In particular, the impact of NPIs on HFMD was more evident among young children (0–3 years), and the HFMD incidence reported in industrial areas had an unexpected increase of 51.71% in 2020 autumn and winter. Results suggested that both direct and indirect NPIs should be implemented as effective public health measures to reduce infectious disease and improve surveillance strategies, and HFMD incidence in Xi'an experienced a significant rebound to the previous seasonality after a prominent decline influenced by the anti‐COVID‐19 NPIs.

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Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam, 2008–2017: Essential information for rational vaccine design

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Inactivated enterovirus A71 vaccines and moving forward

The impact of anti‐COVID‐19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease—A spatiotemporal perspective in Xi'an, northwestern China

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