The review discusses the relevance of the problem of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in real clinical practice, features of diagnostics and a personalized approach to therapy considering various comorbid conditions, a review of the results of major clinical studies and recommendations. Literature search and selection of clinical studies was carried out for the period from 2000 to 2020 on the websites of the European and Russian Societies of Cardiology, as well as databases PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar.