CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are a potent adjuvant for an inactivated polio vaccine produced from Sabin strains of poliovirus

Determination of Depth-Dependent Intradermal Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Inactivated Polio Vaccine Delivered by Microinjections via Hollow Microneedles

“…Furthermore, we have reported a 6.9-and 7.3-fold increase in IPV1-specific IgG serum titers for intradermally IPV coadministered with CpG and CT, respectively. This increase was larger as reported for intradermal IPV immunization in mice in combination with CpG-ODN2006 (4-fold) or double mutant heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli LT (R192G/L211A) (2.5-fold) (38,39). Contrarily, a 10-fold increase was achieved by CAF01 liposomal IPV formulation for intradermal IPV immunization in mice (40).…”

“…In the present study, immuneenhancing effects on IPV1-specific IgG responses by the adjuvants CpG and CT were significant, which indicates that CpG and CT might be potential adjuvant candidates for intradermal IPV1 immunization and may lead to dose sparing. Indeed, CpG was reported by others to be an effective immune enhancing adjuvant for IPV immunization (38). Although this latter study utilized mice and a different CpG motif (ODN2006), both studies report on the potential for CpG as adjuvant in IPV immunization.…”

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…All classes can induce potent Th1 effects for a variety of antigens [90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. In reality, use of CpGs often generates a balanced and more effective im-mune response.…”

“…They were demonstrated to be more effective than alum for Trypanosoma cruzi (parasite) antigens [93] and rabies virus vaccine [24] and even more effective than modified complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA with Mycobacterium butyricum instead of Mycobacterium tuberculosis) [66]. Because the effect of CpG is clearly dose-dependent in several studies [93,102], reducing the dose of CpG to 20 µg or less made it less effective than a higher amount of aluminum hydroxide in mice [96,103].…”

“…Such examples include BioThrax (a licensed anthrax vaccine) in mice (ip or sc) and guinea pigs [104], hepatitis B virus vaccine (Engerix-B) in chimpanzees [105], poliovirus vaccine in mice [96], and Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 vaccine in humans [106]. This also seems to be the case for non-CpG ODN, such as IMT504 (24-mer) with recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen in monkeys [107].…”